OPS-001: persist HA panel and rollback instructions

Closes #21

.dockerignore

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+.env
+.env.*
+!.env.example
+.venv
+.venv/*
+__pycache__
+.mypy_cache
+.pytest_cache
+.ruff_cache
+node_modules
+.idea
+.vscode
+.git
+.gitignore
+.dockerignore
+docker-compose*.yml

.env.example

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
-# Copy to .env for local development. Do not commit real tokens.
 SILLYHOME_HA_URL=http://homeassistant.local:8123
-SILLYHOME_HA_TOKEN=replace-with-a-long-lived-access-token
+SILLYHOME_HA_TOKEN=REPLACE_ME_WITH_LONG_LIVED_TOKEN
+SILLYHOME_MODEL_STORE=.model_store
+SILLYHOME_AUTOMATION_STORE=.automation_store

.gitea/workflows/quality.yml

@@ -1,31 +1,24 @@
-name: Quality
+name: quality
 
 on:
   push:
-    branches:
+    branches: ["main", "otto/**", "feature/**"]
-      - "**"
   pull_request:
 
 jobs:
   test:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        python-version: ["3.11", "3.13"]
     steps:
-      - name: Checkout
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
-
-      - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
-          python-version: "3.11"
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-
+          cache: pip
-      - name: Install project
+      - run: python -m pip install --upgrade pip
-        run: python -m pip install --upgrade pip && python -m pip install -e ".[dev]"
+      - run: python -m pip install -e ".[dev]"
-
+      - run: python -m pytest
-      - name: Run tests
+      - run: ruff check .
-        run: pytest -q
+      - run: mypy
-
-      - name: Run Ruff
-        run: ruff check .
-
-      - name: Run Mypy
-        run: mypy app tests

.gitignore

@@ -4,10 +4,10 @@
 /.vscode
 __pycache__/
 *.pyc
+*.egg-info/
 .mypy_cache/
 .pytest_cache/
 .ruff_cache/
 .env
 .env.local
 .env.*
-!.env.example

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,22 @@
 # Changelog
 
 ## Unreleased
+- Deterministische, nutzerverständliche Erklärungen für jede Modellvorhersage
+- Persistenter Automation-Freigabeprozess mit sicherem YAML-Export
+
+## 0.2.0 - 2026-06-13
+- Klassifizierte Home-Assistant-Entity-Discovery mit Lernrelevanz und Filtern
+- Validierter Zugriff auf die Home-Assistant-History-API
+- Normalisierte, chronologisch sortierte numerische Zeitreihen über `/v1/history`
+- Trainierbares statistisches Baseline-Modell mit persistierten Parametern
+- Numerische Vorhersagen mit Confidence sowie MAE-/RMSE-Evaluation
+
+## 0.1.0 - 2026-06-13
 - Projektinitiierung
 - Architektur, ADRs und Roadmap
+- Einheitliche produktive FastAPI-App für HA- und ML-Routen
+- Funktionierende ENV-Konfiguration und sauberer HA-503-Zustand
+- Persistente, validierte und gegen Path Traversal gehärtete Model Registry
+- Reproduzierbares Packaging, CI-Gates und gehärteter non-root Container
+- Definierte API-Fehler und korrigierte Evaluationsmetriken
+- Scheduler-tauglicher Retraining-Service mit API und atomischem Registry-Update

Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+FROM python:3.13-slim
+
+ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 \
+    PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 \
+    PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=1 \
+    SILLYHOME_MODEL_STORE=/app/data/models
+ENV SILLYHOME_AUTOMATION_STORE=/app/data/automations
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+RUN addgroup --system sillyhome && adduser --system --ingroup sillyhome sillyhome
+
+COPY pyproject.toml README.md ./
+COPY app ./app
+COPY backend ./backend
+RUN python -m pip install --upgrade pip && \
+    python -m pip install . && \
+    mkdir -p /app/data/models /app/data/automations && \
+    chown -R sillyhome:sillyhome /app/data
+
+EXPOSE 8000
+
+USER sillyhome
+
+HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=10s --retries=3 \
+    CMD ["python", "-c", "import urllib.request; urllib.request.urlopen('http://127.0.0.1:8000/health', timeout=2)"]
+
+CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8000"]

README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,14 @@
 # SillyHome Next
 
-Modern, lokal-first und datenschutzfreundliches Smart-Home-Intelligenzsystem für Home Assistant.
+Lokaler, datenschutzfreundlicher API-Prototyp für Home Assistant.
+
+## Reifegrad
+
+Die aktuelle Entwicklungslinie stellt eine gehärtete technische Basis bereit:
+Home-Assistant-Entities und Historie lesen, Sensoren klassifizieren,
+regelbasierte Bausteine sowie ein lokal trainierbares statistisches
+Baseline-Modell mit persistenter Registry, Confidence und echten
+Evaluationsmetriken.
 
 ## Motivation
 TheSillyHome zeigte die Idee: statt statischer Regeln das Zuhause aus Verhaltensmustern verstehen. Diese Architektur modernisiert den Ansatz in Richtung Explainable AI, hybride Intelligenzebenen und langlebige Wartbarkeit.
@@ -13,52 +21,77 @@ TheSillyHome zeigte die Idee: statt statischer Regeln das Zuhause aus Verhaltens
 - Lokal-first ohne Cloudpflicht
 - Erweiterbar, testbar, dokumentiert
 
-## Lokaler Quickstart
+## Quickstart
-
+1. Python-Venv anlegen und Abhängigkeiten installieren:
-Voraussetzung ist Python 3.11 oder neuer.
-
 ```bash
 python -m venv .venv
-. .venv/bin/activate
+source .venv/bin/activate
-python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+pip install -e ".[dev]"
-python -m pip install -e ".[dev]"
+```
+
+2. Konfiguration aus `.env.example` übernehmen und anpassen:
+```bash
 cp .env.example .env
 ```
 
-In `.env` müssen für echte Home-Assistant-Daten diese Werte gesetzt werden:
+3. API starten:
-
-```bash
-SILLYHOME_HA_URL=http://homeassistant.local:8123
-SILLYHOME_HA_TOKEN=<long-lived-access-token>
-```
-
-Alternativ werden aus Kompatibilitätsgründen auch `HA_URL` und `HA_TOKEN` gelesen.
-Tokens bleiben lokal und dürfen nicht committed, geloggt oder in Issues kopiert werden.
-
-API starten:
-
 ```bash
 uvicorn app.main:app --reload
 ```
 
-Nützliche Checks:
+4. Erreichbar unter:
+- `http://127.0.0.1:8000/` - lokales Dashboard
+- `http://127.0.0.1:8000/health` - Health-Check
+- `http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs/` - OpenAPI-Dokumentation
+- `http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1/entities` - Home-Assistant-Entities
+- `http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1/discovery` - klassifizierte, filterbare Entities
+- `http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1/history` - normalisierte numerische Zeitreihen
+- `http://127.0.0.1:8000/ml/health` - Registry-/Serving-Health
+- `POST http://127.0.0.1:8000/ml/retrain` - Modell-Metadaten aktualisieren
+- `POST http://127.0.0.1:8000/ml/evaluate` - MAE/RMSE/Coverage berechnen
+- `POST http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1/automations/proposals` - sicheren Entwurf anlegen
+
+Ohne vollständige HA-Konfiguration liefert `/v1/entities` bewusst `503`.
+
+### Docker Compose
 
 ```bash
-curl http://127.0.0.1:8000/health
+cp .env.example .env
-curl http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1/entities
+docker compose up --build -d
+curl --fail http://127.0.0.1:8000/health
 ```
 
-Die interaktive API-Dokumentation liegt unter `http://127.0.0.1:8000/docs`.
+Compose veröffentlicht die API standardmäßig nur auf `127.0.0.1`. Für Zugriff aus
+dem Netz muss ein authentifizierender Reverse Proxy vorgeschaltet werden.
 
-## Qualität
+### ENV-Konfiguration (`.env.example`)
+- `SILLYHOME_HA_URL` – Basis-URL deiner Home-Assistant-Instanz (z. B. `http://homeassistant.local:8123`)
+- `SILLYHOME_HA_TOKEN` – Long-Lived Access Token eines dedizierten HA-Benutzers mit minimalen Rechten
+- `SILLYHOME_MODEL_STORE` – Verzeichnis für persistierte Modell-Metadaten
+- `SILLYHOME_AUTOMATION_STORE` – Verzeichnis für Automation-Entwürfe
 
-Vor jedem Pull Request lokal laufen lassen:
+Niemals Administrator-Tokens oder Passwörter eintragen. `.env` gehört nicht ins
+Versionskontrollsystem.
 
+### Home-Assistant-Add-on
+
+Das Repository ist zugleich ein Home-Assistant-Add-on-Repository. In Home Assistant
+unter **Einstellungen → Add-ons → Add-on-Shop → Repositories** diese URL eintragen:
+
+`http://192.168.6.31:3000/pino/sillyhome-next`
+
+Danach **SillyHome Next** installieren und starten. Das Dashboard wird per Ingress
+geöffnet. Das Add-on nutzt die Supervisor-API nur lesend; Automation-Entwürfe werden
+lokal gespeichert und niemals automatisch ausgeführt.
+
+Vor einem Update sollte in Home Assistant unter **Einstellungen → System → Backups**
+eine Teil-Sicherung des Add-ons erstellt werden. Zur Wiederherstellung das gewünschte
+Backup öffnen, **SillyHome Next** auswählen und wiederherstellen. Der erste produktive
+Teststand `v0.3.0` wurde als HA-Backup `7df0fca0` gesichert.
+
+### Tests
 ```bash
-pytest -q
+pytest
 ruff check .
-mypy app tests
+mypy
 ```
-
-Der Gitea-Actions-Workflow in `.gitea/workflows/quality.yml` führt dieselben Checks für
-Pushes und Pull Requests aus.

addon/Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+FROM python:3.13-slim
+
+ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 \
+    PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 \
+    PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=1
+
+RUN apt-get update \
+    && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends git \
+    && git clone --depth 1 --branch main \
+       http://192.168.6.31:3000/pino/sillyhome-next.git /app \
+    && python -m pip install --upgrade pip \
+    && python -m pip install /app \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/* /app/.git
+
+COPY run.sh /run.sh
+RUN chmod 0755 /run.sh
+
+EXPOSE 8000
+CMD ["/run.sh"]

addon/config.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+name: SillyHome Next
+version: "0.3.0"
+slug: sillyhome_next
+description: Lokale HA-Analyse, Vorhersagen und sichere Automation-Entwürfe
+url: http://192.168.6.31:3000/pino/sillyhome-next
+arch:
+  - amd64
+startup: application
+boot: auto
+init: false
+ingress: true
+ingress_port: 8000
+panel_title: SillyHome Next
+panel_icon: mdi:home-analytics
+panel_admin: true
+homeassistant_api: true
+hassio_api: false
+auth_api: false
+options: {}
+schema: {}
+map:
+  - type: addon_config
+    read_only: false

addon/run.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+set -eu
+
+export SILLYHOME_HA_URL="${SILLYHOME_HA_URL:-http://supervisor/core}"
+export SILLYHOME_HA_TOKEN="${SILLYHOME_HA_TOKEN:-${SUPERVISOR_TOKEN:-}}"
+export SILLYHOME_MODEL_STORE=/data/models
+export SILLYHOME_AUTOMATION_STORE=/data/automations
+
+mkdir -p "$SILLYHOME_MODEL_STORE" "$SILLYHOME_AUTOMATION_STORE"
+exec uvicorn app.main:app --app-dir /app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8000 \
+  --proxy-headers --forwarded-allow-ips='*'

app/api/v1/automations.py

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, HTTPException, Request, Response, status
+
+from app.automations.models import (
+    AutomationProposal,
+    ProposalDecision,
+    ProposalStatus,
+)
+from app.automations.store import AutomationStore
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/v1/automations", tags=["automations"])
+
+
+@router.post("/proposals", response_model=AutomationProposal, status_code=201)
+def create_proposal(payload: AutomationProposal, request: Request) -> AutomationProposal:
+    if payload.trigger.above is None and payload.trigger.below is None:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail="Trigger benötigt above oder below.")
+    return _store(request).create(payload.model_copy(update={"status": ProposalStatus.DRAFT}))
+
+
+@router.get("/proposals", response_model=list[AutomationProposal])
+def list_proposals(request: Request) -> list[AutomationProposal]:
+    return _store(request).list()
+
+
+@router.post("/proposals/{proposal_id}/approve", response_model=AutomationProposal)
+def approve(
+    proposal_id: str,
+    payload: ProposalDecision,
+    request: Request,
+) -> AutomationProposal:
+    return _decide(request, proposal_id, ProposalStatus.APPROVED, payload.expected_revision)
+
+
+@router.post("/proposals/{proposal_id}/reject", response_model=AutomationProposal)
+def reject(
+    proposal_id: str,
+    payload: ProposalDecision,
+    request: Request,
+) -> AutomationProposal:
+    return _decide(request, proposal_id, ProposalStatus.REJECTED, payload.expected_revision)
+
+
+@router.get("/proposals/{proposal_id}/yaml")
+def export_yaml(proposal_id: str, request: Request) -> Response:
+    try:
+        content = _store(request).export_yaml(proposal_id)
+    except KeyError as exc:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(exc)) from exc
+    except ValueError as exc:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=409, detail=str(exc)) from exc
+    return Response(content=content, media_type="application/yaml")
+
+
+def _decide(
+    request: Request,
+    proposal_id: str,
+    decision: ProposalStatus,
+    expected_revision: int,
+) -> AutomationProposal:
+    try:
+        return _store(request).decide(proposal_id, decision, expected_revision)
+    except KeyError as exc:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=404, detail=str(exc)) from exc
+    except ValueError as exc:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=409, detail=str(exc)) from exc
+
+
+def _store(request: Request) -> AutomationStore:
+    store = getattr(request.app.state, "automation_store", None)
+    if not isinstance(store, AutomationStore):
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_503_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
+            detail="Automation Store nicht initialisiert.",
+        )
+    return store

app/api/v1/entities.py

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from collections.abc import Sequence
+from datetime import datetime
+from typing import List
 
-from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends
+from fastapi import APIRouter, Depends, HTTPException, Query, status
 
 from app.dependencies import get_ha_reader
+from app.ha.discovery import DiscoveredEntity
+from app.ha.history import EntityHistorySeries
 from app.ha.models import HaEntitySummary
 from app.ha.reader import HaReader
 
@@ -15,7 +18,47 @@ router = APIRouter(prefix="/v1", tags=["entities"])
     "/entities",
     summary="Home-Assistant-Entities auflisten",
     description="Gibt eine kompakte Zusammenfassung aller erreichbaren HA-Entitäten zurück.",
-    response_model=list[HaEntitySummary],
+    response_model=List[HaEntitySummary],
 )
-def list_entities(reader: HaReader = Depends(get_ha_reader)) -> Sequence[HaEntitySummary]:
+def list_entities(ha_reader: HaReader = Depends(get_ha_reader)) -> List[HaEntitySummary]:
-    return reader.read_entities()
+    return list(ha_reader.read_entities())
+
+
+@router.get(
+    "/discovery",
+    summary="Home-Assistant-Entities klassifizieren",
+    description="Klassifiziert Entities nach Lernrelevanz, Kontextquelle und Aktor-Rolle.",
+    response_model=List[DiscoveredEntity],
+)
+def discovery(
+    domain: List[str] | None = Query(default=None),
+    learnable: bool | None = None,
+    ha_reader: HaReader = Depends(get_ha_reader),
+) -> List[DiscoveredEntity]:
+    return list(
+        ha_reader.discover(
+            domains=set(domain) if domain else None,
+            learnable=learnable,
+        )
+    )
+
+
+@router.get(
+    "/history",
+    summary="Numerische Home-Assistant-Historie lesen",
+    description="Lädt und normalisiert numerische Zustände ausgewählter Entities.",
+    response_model=List[EntityHistorySeries],
+)
+def history(
+    entity_id: List[str] = Query(),
+    start_time: datetime = Query(),
+    end_time: datetime = Query(),
+    ha_reader: HaReader = Depends(get_ha_reader),
+) -> List[EntityHistorySeries]:
+    try:
+        return list(ha_reader.read_history(entity_id, start_time, end_time))
+    except ValueError as exc:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT,
+            detail=str(exc),
+        ) from exc

app/automations/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from app.automations.store import AutomationStore
+
+__all__ = ["AutomationStore"]

app/automations/models.py

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from enum import StrEnum
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+
+
+class ProposalStatus(StrEnum):
+    DRAFT = "draft"
+    APPROVED = "approved"
+    REJECTED = "rejected"
+
+
+class NumericStateTrigger(BaseModel):
+    entity_id: str = Field(pattern=r"^sensor\.[a-z0-9_]+$")
+    above: float | None = None
+    below: float | None = None
+
+
+class ServiceAction(BaseModel):
+    service: str = Field(pattern=r"^(light|switch|climate|fan|cover)\.[a-z0-9_]+$")
+    entity_id: str = Field(pattern=r"^(light|switch|climate|fan|cover)\.[a-z0-9_]+$")
+    data: dict[str, str | int | float | bool] = Field(default_factory=dict)
+
+
+class AutomationProposal(BaseModel):
+    proposal_id: str = Field(default_factory=lambda: uuid4().hex)
+    alias: str = Field(min_length=1, max_length=120)
+    description: str = Field(min_length=1, max_length=500)
+    trigger: NumericStateTrigger
+    action: ServiceAction
+    status: ProposalStatus = ProposalStatus.DRAFT
+    created_at: datetime = Field(default_factory=lambda: datetime.now(timezone.utc))
+    updated_at: datetime = Field(default_factory=lambda: datetime.now(timezone.utc))
+    revision: int = 1
+
+
+class ProposalDecision(BaseModel):
+    expected_revision: int = Field(ge=1)

app/automations/store.py

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import os
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from pathlib import Path
+from threading import RLock
+
+from app.automations.models import AutomationProposal, ProposalStatus
+
+
+class AutomationStore:
+    def __init__(self, root: str | Path) -> None:
+        self._root = Path(root).resolve()
+        self._root.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        self._lock = RLock()
+
+    def create(self, proposal: AutomationProposal) -> AutomationProposal:
+        with self._lock:
+            target = self._target(proposal.proposal_id)
+            if target.exists():
+                raise ValueError("Automation-Vorschlag existiert bereits.")
+            self._persist(proposal)
+        return proposal
+
+    def list(self) -> list[AutomationProposal]:
+        with self._lock:
+            return [self._load(path) for path in sorted(self._root.glob("*.json"))]
+
+    def get(self, proposal_id: str) -> AutomationProposal:
+        with self._lock:
+            target = self._target(proposal_id)
+            if not target.exists():
+                raise KeyError("Automation-Vorschlag nicht gefunden.")
+            return self._load(target)
+
+    def decide(
+        self,
+        proposal_id: str,
+        status: ProposalStatus,
+        expected_revision: int,
+    ) -> AutomationProposal:
+        if status is ProposalStatus.DRAFT:
+            raise ValueError("Entscheidung darf nicht auf draft gesetzt werden.")
+        with self._lock:
+            proposal = self.get(proposal_id)
+            if proposal.revision != expected_revision:
+                raise ValueError("Revision stimmt nicht mit dem aktuellen Vorschlag überein.")
+            if proposal.status is not ProposalStatus.DRAFT:
+                raise ValueError("Über den Vorschlag wurde bereits entschieden.")
+            updated = proposal.model_copy(
+                update={
+                    "status": status,
+                    "updated_at": datetime.now(timezone.utc),
+                    "revision": proposal.revision + 1,
+                }
+            )
+            self._persist(updated)
+            return updated
+
+    def export_yaml(self, proposal_id: str) -> str:
+        proposal = self.get(proposal_id)
+        if proposal.status is not ProposalStatus.APPROVED:
+            raise ValueError("Nur freigegebene Vorschläge dürfen exportiert werden.")
+        trigger_lines = [
+            "trigger:",
+            "  - platform: numeric_state",
+            f"    entity_id: {proposal.trigger.entity_id}",
+        ]
+        if proposal.trigger.above is not None:
+            trigger_lines.append(f"    above: {proposal.trigger.above}")
+        if proposal.trigger.below is not None:
+            trigger_lines.append(f"    below: {proposal.trigger.below}")
+        action_lines = [
+            "action:",
+            f"  - service: {proposal.action.service}",
+            "    target:",
+            f"      entity_id: {proposal.action.entity_id}",
+        ]
+        if proposal.action.data:
+            action_lines.append("    data:")
+            action_lines.extend(
+                f"      {key}: {_yaml_scalar(value)}"
+                for key, value in sorted(proposal.action.data.items())
+            )
+        return "\n".join(
+            [
+                f"alias: {_yaml_scalar(proposal.alias)}",
+                f"description: {_yaml_scalar(proposal.description)}",
+                *trigger_lines,
+                *action_lines,
+                "mode: single",
+                "",
+            ]
+        )
+
+    def _target(self, proposal_id: str) -> Path:
+        if len(proposal_id) != 32 or not proposal_id.isalnum():
+            raise ValueError("Ungültige proposal_id.")
+        return self._root / f"{proposal_id}.json"
+
+    def _persist(self, proposal: AutomationProposal) -> None:
+        target = self._target(proposal.proposal_id)
+        temporary = target.with_suffix(".json.tmp")
+        temporary.write_text(
+            json.dumps(proposal.model_dump(mode="json"), ensure_ascii=True, sort_keys=True) + "\n",
+            encoding="utf-8",
+        )
+        os.replace(temporary, target)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _load(path: Path) -> AutomationProposal:
+        try:
+            return AutomationProposal.model_validate_json(path.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            raise ValueError(f"Ungültiger Automation-Vorschlag: {path.name}") from exc
+
+
+def _yaml_scalar(value: str | int | float | bool) -> str:
+    if isinstance(value, bool):
+        return "true" if value else "false"
+    if isinstance(value, (int, float)):
+        return str(value)
+    return json.dumps(value, ensure_ascii=True)

app/config.py

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass
 class Settings:
     ha_url: str | None = None
     ha_token: str | None = None
+    model_store: str = ".model_store"
+    automation_store: str = ".automation_store"
 
     @property
     def ha_configured(self) -> bool:
@@ -18,4 +20,6 @@ def load_settings() -> Settings:
     return Settings(
         ha_url=os.getenv("SILLYHOME_HA_URL") or os.getenv("HA_URL"),
         ha_token=os.getenv("SILLYHOME_HA_TOKEN") or os.getenv("HA_TOKEN"),
+        model_store=os.getenv("SILLYHOME_MODEL_STORE", ".model_store"),
+        automation_store=os.getenv("SILLYHOME_AUTOMATION_STORE", ".automation_store"),
     )

app/core/exceptions.py

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Request
+
+from app.ha.exceptions import HaAuthError, HaClientError, HaHttpError
+
+
+def register_exception_handlers(app: FastAPI) -> None:
+    @app.exception_handler(HaClientError)
+    async def handle_ha_client_error(request: Request, exc: HaClientError) -> Any:  # pragma: no cover - einfacher Wrapper
+        if isinstance(exc, HaAuthError):
+            return {"detail": "Ungültige Authentifizierung gegenüber Home Assistant."}
+        if isinstance(exc, HaHttpError):
+            return {
+                "detail": "Home Assistant meldet einen Fehler.",
+                "upstream_status": exc.status_code,
+            }
+        return {"detail": str(exc)}

app/ha/client.py

@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import logging
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Any
+from datetime import datetime
+import re
+from urllib.parse import quote
 
 import requests
 
@@ -15,6 +17,9 @@ from app.ha.exceptions import (
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
+_ENTITY_ID_PATTERN = re.compile(r"^[a-z0-9_]+\.[a-z0-9_]+$")
+_MAX_HISTORY_SECONDS = 31 * 24 * 60 * 60
+
 
 @dataclass(frozen=True)
 class HaClientSettings:
@@ -32,36 +37,91 @@ class HaClient:
             "Content-Type": "application/json",
         })
 
-    def list_entities(self) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        self._session.close()
+
+    def list_entities(self) -> list[dict[str, object]]:
+        payload = self._get_json("/api/states")
+        if not isinstance(payload, list):
+            raise HaUnexpectedPayloadError(
+                "Antwort von Home Assistant hat unerwartetes Format."
+            )
+        return payload
+
+    def get_history(
+        self,
+        entity_ids: list[str],
+        start_time: datetime,
+        end_time: datetime,
+    ) -> list[object]:
+        if not entity_ids:
+            raise ValueError("Mindestens eine entity_id ist erforderlich.")
+        if len(entity_ids) > 100:
+            raise ValueError("Es können höchstens 100 Entities abgefragt werden.")
+        if any(not _ENTITY_ID_PATTERN.fullmatch(entity_id) for entity_id in entity_ids):
+            raise ValueError("entity_id enthält ein ungültiges Format.")
+        if start_time.tzinfo is None or end_time.tzinfo is None:
+            raise ValueError("start_time und end_time müssen eine Zeitzone enthalten.")
+        if end_time <= start_time:
+            raise ValueError("end_time muss nach start_time liegen.")
+        if (end_time - start_time).total_seconds() > _MAX_HISTORY_SECONDS:
+            raise ValueError("History-Abfragen sind auf 31 Tage begrenzt.")
+
+        start = quote(start_time.isoformat(), safe=":+")
+        payload = self._get_json(
+            f"/api/history/period/{start}",
+            params={
+                "filter_entity_id": ",".join(entity_ids),
+                "end_time": end_time.isoformat(),
+                "minimal_response": "1",
+                "no_attributes": "1",
+            },
+        )
+        if not isinstance(payload, list):
+            raise HaUnexpectedPayloadError(
+                "History-Antwort von Home Assistant hat unerwartetes Format."
+            )
+        return payload
+
+    def _get_json(
+        self,
+        path: str,
+        *,
+        params: dict[str, str] | None = None,
+    ) -> object:
         try:
             response = self._session.get(
-                f"{self._settings.url}/api/states",
+                f"{self._settings.url.rstrip('/')}{path}",
+                params=params,
                 timeout=self._settings.timeout_seconds,
             )
         except requests.Timeout as exc:
-            raise HaTimeoutError("Home Assistant request timed out.") from exc
+            raise HaTimeoutError("Zeitüberschreitung beim Zugriff auf Home Assistant.") from exc
         except requests.RequestException as exc:
-            raise HaHttpError(status_code=502, message="Home Assistant request failed.") from exc
+            raise HaHttpError(
+                getattr(getattr(exc, "response", None), "status_code", 502),
+                "Netzwerkfehler beim Zugriff auf Home Assistant.",
+            ) from exc
 
-        if response.status_code in {401, 403}:
+        if response.status_code in (401, 403):
             raise HaAuthError(
-                status_code=response.status_code,
+                response.status_code,
-                message="Home Assistant authentication failed.",
+                "Authentifizierung bei Home Assistant fehlgeschlagen.",
             )
 
         try:
             response.raise_for_status()
         except requests.HTTPError as exc:
             raise HaHttpError(
-                status_code=response.status_code,
+                response.status_code,
-                message="Home Assistant returned an HTTP error.",
+                "Home Assistant meldet einen Fehler.",
             ) from exc
 
         try:
             payload = response.json()
         except ValueError as exc:
-            raise HaUnexpectedPayloadError("Home Assistant returned invalid JSON.") from exc
+            raise HaUnexpectedPayloadError(
+                "Antwort von Home Assistant ist kein gültiges JSON."
+            ) from exc
 
-        if not isinstance(payload, list):
-            raise HaUnexpectedPayloadError("Home Assistant states response must be a list.")
         return payload

app/ha/discovery.py

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from enum import StrEnum
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+from app.ha.models import HaEntitySummary
+
+
+class EntityRole(StrEnum):
+    MEASUREMENT = "measurement"
+    BINARY_CONTEXT = "binary_context"
+    CONTEXT = "context"
+    ACTUATOR = "actuator"
+    UNSUPPORTED = "unsupported"
+
+
+class DiscoveredEntity(BaseModel):
+    entity_id: str
+    domain: str
+    device_class: str | None = None
+    state_class: str | None = None
+    unit_of_measurement: str | None = None
+    role: EntityRole
+    learnable: bool
+    reason: str
+
+
+_MEASUREMENT_CLASSES = frozenset({
+    "apparent_power",
+    "atmospheric_pressure",
+    "battery",
+    "carbon_dioxide",
+    "carbon_monoxide",
+    "current",
+    "distance",
+    "duration",
+    "energy",
+    "frequency",
+    "gas",
+    "humidity",
+    "illuminance",
+    "moisture",
+    "monetary",
+    "nitrogen_dioxide",
+    "nitrogen_monoxide",
+    "nitrous_oxide",
+    "ozone",
+    "pm1",
+    "pm10",
+    "pm25",
+    "power",
+    "precipitation",
+    "pressure",
+    "reactive_power",
+    "signal_strength",
+    "sound_pressure",
+    "speed",
+    "sulphur_dioxide",
+    "temperature",
+    "volatile_organic_compounds",
+    "voltage",
+    "volume",
+    "volume_flow_rate",
+    "water",
+    "weight",
+    "wind_speed",
+})
+_BINARY_CONTEXT_CLASSES = frozenset({
+    "door",
+    "garage_door",
+    "lock",
+    "motion",
+    "occupancy",
+    "opening",
+    "presence",
+    "problem",
+    "safety",
+    "smoke",
+    "sound",
+    "vibration",
+    "window",
+})
+_ACTUATOR_DOMAINS = frozenset({
+    "button",
+    "climate",
+    "cover",
+    "fan",
+    "humidifier",
+    "light",
+    "lock",
+    "scene",
+    "select",
+    "siren",
+    "switch",
+    "valve",
+})
+_CONTEXT_DOMAINS = frozenset({"device_tracker", "person", "sun", "weather", "zone"})
+_LEARNABLE_CONTEXT_DOMAINS = frozenset({"device_tracker", "person", "weather"})
+_NUMERIC_STATE_CLASSES = frozenset({"measurement", "total", "total_increasing"})
+
+
+def classify_entity(entity: HaEntitySummary) -> DiscoveredEntity:
+    if entity.domain == "sensor" and (
+        entity.state_class in _NUMERIC_STATE_CLASSES
+        or entity.device_class in _MEASUREMENT_CLASSES
+        or entity.unit_of_measurement is not None
+    ):
+        return _result(
+            entity,
+            EntityRole.MEASUREMENT,
+            learnable=True,
+            reason="Numerischer Messsensor für Zeitreihen und Training.",
+        )
+
+    if entity.domain == "binary_sensor" and entity.device_class in _BINARY_CONTEXT_CLASSES:
+        return _result(
+            entity,
+            EntityRole.BINARY_CONTEXT,
+            learnable=True,
+            reason="Binärer Kontextsensor für Zustands- und Anwesenheitsmuster.",
+        )
+
+    if entity.domain in _CONTEXT_DOMAINS:
+        learnable = entity.domain in _LEARNABLE_CONTEXT_DOMAINS
+        return _result(
+            entity,
+            EntityRole.CONTEXT,
+            learnable=learnable,
+            reason=(
+                "Kontextquelle für Training und Erklärungen."
+                if learnable
+                else "Kontextquelle ohne direkte Trainingsfreigabe."
+            ),
+        )
+
+    if entity.domain in _ACTUATOR_DOMAINS:
+        return _result(
+            entity,
+            EntityRole.ACTUATOR,
+            learnable=False,
+            reason="Aktor ist ein mögliches Automationsziel, aber kein Trainingssensor.",
+        )
+
+    return _result(
+        entity,
+        EntityRole.UNSUPPORTED,
+        learnable=False,
+        reason="Entity-Typ ist noch nicht für Lernen oder Automationen klassifiziert.",
+    )
+
+
+def discover_entities(
+    entities: list[HaEntitySummary],
+    domains: set[str] | None = None,
+    learnable: bool | None = None,
+) -> list[DiscoveredEntity]:
+    normalized_domains = {domain.strip().lower() for domain in domains or set() if domain.strip()}
+    discovered = [classify_entity(entity) for entity in entities]
+    return [
+        entity
+        for entity in discovered
+        if (not normalized_domains or entity.domain in normalized_domains)
+        and (learnable is None or entity.learnable is learnable)
+    ]
+
+
+def _result(
+    entity: HaEntitySummary,
+    role: EntityRole,
+    *,
+    learnable: bool,
+    reason: str,
+) -> DiscoveredEntity:
+    return DiscoveredEntity(
+        entity_id=entity.entity_id,
+        domain=entity.domain,
+        device_class=entity.device_class,
+        state_class=entity.state_class,
+        unit_of_measurement=entity.unit_of_measurement,
+        role=role,
+        learnable=learnable,
+        reason=reason,
+    )

app/ha/exceptions.py

@@ -2,26 +2,34 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 
 class HaClientError(Exception):
-    """Base class for Home Assistant integration failures."""
+    """Basisklasse für HA-Client-Fehler."""
 
-    public_detail = "Home Assistant is currently unavailable."
+    public_detail: str | None = None
 
 
 class HaTimeoutError(HaClientError):
+    """Zeitüberschreitung bei Request an Home Assistant."""
+
     public_detail = "Home Assistant request timed out."
 
 
 class HaHttpError(HaClientError):
-    public_detail = "Home Assistant returned an error."
+    """Nicht erfolgreicher HTTP-Statuscode."""
 
-    def __init__(self, status_code: int, message: str | None = None) -> None:
+    public_detail = "Home Assistant request failed."
-        super().__init__(message or self.public_detail)
+
+    def __init__(self, status_code: int, message: str = "") -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
         self.status_code = status_code
 
 
 class HaAuthError(HaHttpError):
+    """Authentifizierung oder Berechtigung fehlgeschlagen."""
+
     public_detail = "Home Assistant authentication failed."
 
 
 class HaUnexpectedPayloadError(HaClientError):
-    public_detail = "Home Assistant returned an unexpected response."
+    """Antwort hat nicht das erwartete Format."""
+
+    public_detail = "Home Assistant returned an unexpected payload."

app/ha/history.py

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import math
+from datetime import datetime
+
+from pydantic import BaseModel
+
+from app.ha.exceptions import HaUnexpectedPayloadError
+
+
+class NumericHistoryPoint(BaseModel):
+    timestamp: datetime
+    value: float
+
+
+class EntityHistorySeries(BaseModel):
+    entity_id: str
+    points: list[NumericHistoryPoint]
+
+
+def normalize_history_payload(payload: object) -> list[EntityHistorySeries]:
+    if not isinstance(payload, list):
+        raise HaUnexpectedPayloadError("History-Payload muss eine Liste sein.")
+
+    normalized: list[EntityHistorySeries] = []
+    for raw_series in payload:
+        if not isinstance(raw_series, list):
+            raise HaUnexpectedPayloadError("History-Serie muss eine Liste sein.")
+        series = _normalize_series(raw_series)
+        if series is not None:
+            normalized.append(series)
+
+    return sorted(normalized, key=lambda item: item.entity_id)
+
+
+def _normalize_series(raw_series: list[object]) -> EntityHistorySeries | None:
+    entity_id: str | None = None
+    points: list[NumericHistoryPoint] = []
+
+    for raw_entry in raw_series:
+        if not isinstance(raw_entry, dict):
+            raise HaUnexpectedPayloadError("History-Eintrag muss ein Objekt sein.")
+
+        raw_entity_id = raw_entry.get("entity_id")
+        if raw_entity_id is not None:
+            if not isinstance(raw_entity_id, str) or "." not in raw_entity_id:
+                raise HaUnexpectedPayloadError("History-Eintrag enthält ungültige entity_id.")
+            if entity_id is not None and entity_id != raw_entity_id:
+                raise HaUnexpectedPayloadError("History-Serie enthält mehrere Entities.")
+            entity_id = raw_entity_id
+
+        raw_state = raw_entry.get("state")
+        value = _finite_float(raw_state)
+        if value is None:
+            continue
+        if entity_id is None:
+            raise HaUnexpectedPayloadError("History-Serie enthält keine entity_id.")
+
+        raw_timestamp = raw_entry.get("last_changed") or raw_entry.get("last_updated")
+        timestamp = _parse_timestamp(raw_timestamp)
+        points.append(NumericHistoryPoint(timestamp=timestamp, value=value))
+
+    if entity_id is None or not points:
+        return None
+
+    points.sort(key=lambda point: point.timestamp)
+    return EntityHistorySeries(entity_id=entity_id, points=points)
+
+
+def _finite_float(value: object) -> float | None:
+    if isinstance(value, bool) or value is None:
+        return None
+    if not isinstance(value, (str, int, float)):
+        return None
+    try:
+        converted = float(value)
+    except (TypeError, ValueError):
+        return None
+    return converted if math.isfinite(converted) else None
+
+
+def _parse_timestamp(value: object) -> datetime:
+    if not isinstance(value, str):
+        raise HaUnexpectedPayloadError("Numerischer History-Eintrag enthält keinen Zeitstempel.")
+    try:
+        parsed = datetime.fromisoformat(value.replace("Z", "+00:00"))
+    except ValueError as exc:
+        raise HaUnexpectedPayloadError("History-Eintrag enthält ungültigen Zeitstempel.") from exc
+    if parsed.tzinfo is None:
+        raise HaUnexpectedPayloadError("History-Zeitstempel muss eine Zeitzone enthalten.")
+    return parsed

app/ha/reader.py

@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from collections.abc import Sequence
+from datetime import datetime
 from typing import Any
 
 from app.ha.client import HaClient
+from app.ha.discovery import DiscoveredEntity, discover_entities
+from app.ha.history import EntityHistorySeries, normalize_history_payload
 from app.ha.models import HaEntitySummary
 
 
@@ -15,9 +18,10 @@ class HaReader:
         entities = self._client.list_entities()
         summaries: list[HaEntitySummary] = []
         for item in entities:
-            entity_id = item.get("entity_id", "")
+            raw_entity_id = item.get("entity_id")
-            if "." not in entity_id:
+            if not isinstance(raw_entity_id, str) or "." not in raw_entity_id:
                 continue
+            entity_id = raw_entity_id
             domain = entity_id.split(".", 1)[0]
             raw_attributes = item.get("attributes") or {}
             attributes: dict[str, Any] = raw_attributes if isinstance(raw_attributes, dict) else {}
@@ -32,6 +36,22 @@ class HaReader:
             )
         return summaries
 
+    def discover(
+        self,
+        domains: set[str] | None = None,
+        learnable: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> Sequence[DiscoveredEntity]:
+        return discover_entities(list(self.read_entities()), domains=domains, learnable=learnable)
+
+    def read_history(
+        self,
+        entity_ids: list[str],
+        start_time: datetime,
+        end_time: datetime,
+    ) -> Sequence[EntityHistorySeries]:
+        payload = self._client.get_history(entity_ids, start_time, end_time)
+        return normalize_history_payload(payload)
+
 
 def _optional_str(value: object) -> str | None:
     if value is None or value == "":

app/main.py

@@ -1,40 +1,60 @@
-from collections.abc import AsyncIterator
 from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import cast
 
 from fastapi import FastAPI
+from fastapi.responses import FileResponse
+from fastapi.staticfiles import StaticFiles
 
 from app.api.v1.entities import router as entities_router
+from app.api.v1.automations import router as automations_router
+from app.automations.store import AutomationStore
 from app.config import load_settings
 from app.core.exception_handlers import register_exception_handlers
 from app.ha.client import HaClient, HaClientSettings
 from app.ha.reader import HaReader
+from app.ml.registry.model_registry import ModelRegistry
+from backend.routes.ml import init_ml_routes
 
 
 @asynccontextmanager
 async def lifespan(app: FastAPI) -> AsyncIterator[None]:
-    settings = load_settings()
+    settings = app.state.settings
-    app.state.settings = settings
+    client: HaClient | None = None
+    app.state.registry = ModelRegistry(settings.model_store)
+    app.state.automation_store = AutomationStore(settings.automation_store)
+    if hasattr(app.state, "ha_reader"):
+        del app.state.ha_reader
     if settings.ha_configured:
         client = HaClient(
             settings=HaClientSettings(
-                url=settings.ha_url or "",
+                url=cast(str, settings.ha_url),
-                token=settings.ha_token or "",
+                token=cast(str, settings.ha_token),
             )
         )
         app.state.ha_reader = HaReader(client=client)
-    yield
+    try:
+        yield
+    finally:
+        if client is not None:
+            client.close()
 
 
 app = FastAPI(
     title="SillyHome Next API",
     description="Lokales Smart-Home-Intelligenzsystem für Home Assistant.",
-    version="0.1.0",
+    version="0.3.0",
     lifespan=lifespan,
 )
-
+app.state.settings = load_settings()
 register_exception_handlers(app)
-
 app.include_router(entities_router)
+app.include_router(automations_router)
+init_ml_routes(app, model_store=app.state.settings.model_store)
+
+STATIC_DIR = Path(__file__).with_name("static")
+app.mount("/static", StaticFiles(directory=STATIC_DIR), name="static")
 
 
 @app.get("/health")
@@ -43,5 +63,5 @@ def health() -> dict[str, str]:
 
 
 @app.get("/")
-def root() -> dict[str, str]:
+def root() -> FileResponse:
-    return {"service": "sillyhome-next", "docs": "/docs"}
+    return FileResponse(STATIC_DIR / "index.html")

app/ml/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+
+"""Machine-Learning-Grundbausteine für SillyHome Next."""
+__all__ = [
+    "FeatureStore",
+    "FeatureVector",
+    "FeatureModel",
+    "FeatureExplanation",
+    "PredictionResult",
+    "Predictor",
+    "RetrainingResult",
+    "RetrainingService",
+    "TrainedArtifact",
+    "TrainingPipeline",
+    "retrain_model",
+]
+from app.ml.feature_store import FeatureStore, FeatureVector
+from app.ml.explanation import FeatureExplanation
+from app.ml.predictor import PredictionResult, Predictor
+from app.ml.retraining import RetrainingResult, RetrainingService, retrain_model
+from app.ml.training import FeatureModel, TrainedArtifact, TrainingPipeline

app/ml/evaluation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import math
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from app.ml.feature_store import FeatureVector
+from app.ml.predictor import Predictor
+from app.ml.registry.model_registry import ModelRegistry
+from app.ml.training import TrainingPipeline
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class Metric:
+    name: str
+    value: float
+    threshold: float | None = None
+
+
+@dataclass
+class EvalReport:
+    artifact_id: str
+    sample_size: int
+    metrics: list[Metric]
+
+
+class Evaluator:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        pipeline: TrainingPipeline | None = None,
+        registry: ModelRegistry | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(pipeline, ModelRegistry) and registry is None:
+            registry = pipeline
+            pipeline = None
+        if pipeline is None and registry is None:
+            raise ValueError("Evaluator erfordert TrainingPipeline oder ModelRegistry.")
+        self._pipeline = pipeline
+        self._registry = registry
+        self._predictor = Predictor(pipeline=pipeline, registry=registry)
+
+    def evaluate(self, artifact_id: str, samples: Sequence[FeatureVector]) -> EvalReport:
+        try:
+            if self._registry is not None:
+                self._registry.load_artifact(artifact_id)
+            elif self._pipeline is not None:
+                self._pipeline.export(artifact_id)
+        except KeyError as exc:
+            raise ValueError("Kein trainiertes Modell für Evaluation vorhanden.") from exc
+
+        absolute_errors: list[float] = []
+        squared_errors: list[float] = []
+        for sample in samples:
+            try:
+                prediction = self._predictor.predict(artifact_id, sample)
+            except ValueError:
+                continue
+            for feature_name, predicted in prediction.predictions.items():
+                actual = float(sample.values[feature_name])
+                error = predicted - actual
+                absolute_errors.append(abs(error))
+                squared_errors.append(error**2)
+
+        sample_size = len(absolute_errors)
+        mae = sum(absolute_errors) / sample_size if sample_size else 0.0
+        rmse = math.sqrt(sum(squared_errors) / sample_size) if sample_size else 0.0
+        expected_values = sum(len(sample.values) for sample in samples)
+        coverage = sample_size / expected_values if expected_values else 0.0
+
+        report = EvalReport(
+            artifact_id=artifact_id,
+            sample_size=sample_size,
+            metrics=[
+                Metric(name="mae", value=mae),
+                Metric(name="rmse", value=rmse),
+                Metric(name="coverage", value=coverage, threshold=0.8),
+            ],
+        )
+        logger.info(
+            "Evaluation %s -> mae=%.4f, rmse=%.4f, coverage=%.2f",
+            artifact_id,
+            mae,
+            rmse,
+            coverage,
+        )
+        return report

app/ml/explanation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from app.ml.training import FeatureModel
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class FeatureExplanation:
+    feature: str
+    current_value: float
+    predicted_value: float
+    change: float
+    direction: str
+    sample_count: int
+    historical_mean: float
+    historical_range: tuple[float, float]
+    standard_deviation: float
+    trend_per_step: float
+    confidence: float
+    summary: str
+
+
+def explain_feature(
+    feature_name: str,
+    current_value: float,
+    predicted_value: float,
+    model: FeatureModel,
+) -> FeatureExplanation:
+    change = predicted_value - current_value
+    direction = _direction(change)
+    summary = (
+        f"{feature_name}: {direction}; Prognose {predicted_value:.3f} "
+        f"aus aktuellem Wert {current_value:.3f} und Trend {model.slope:+.3f}. "
+        f"Basis: {model.sample_count} Messwerte, Mittelwert {model.mean:.3f}, "
+        f"Confidence {model.confidence:.0%}."
+    )
+    return FeatureExplanation(
+        feature=feature_name,
+        current_value=current_value,
+        predicted_value=predicted_value,
+        change=change,
+        direction=direction,
+        sample_count=model.sample_count,
+        historical_mean=model.mean,
+        historical_range=(model.minimum, model.maximum),
+        standard_deviation=model.standard_deviation,
+        trend_per_step=model.slope,
+        confidence=model.confidence,
+        summary=summary,
+    )
+
+
+def _direction(change: float) -> str:
+    if abs(change) < 1e-12:
+        return "stabil"
+    return "steigend" if change > 0 else "fallend"

app/ml/feature_store.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections import defaultdict
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class FeatureVector:
+    sensor_id: str
+    values: dict[str, float]
+    label: str | None = None
+
+
+class FeatureStore:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self._vectors: dict[str, list[FeatureVector]] = defaultdict(list)
+
+    def add(self, vector: FeatureVector) -> None:
+        self._vectors[vector.sensor_id].append(vector)
+
+    def add_batch(self, vectors: Iterable[FeatureVector]) -> None:
+        for vector in vectors:
+            self.add(vector)
+
+    def latest(self, sensor_id: str) -> FeatureVector | None:
+        series = self._vectors.get(sensor_id)
+        return series[-1] if series else None
+
+    def all(self) -> list[FeatureVector]:
+        return [vector for vectors in self._vectors.values() for vector in vectors]

app/ml/predictor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import math
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Sequence
+
+from app.ml.explanation import FeatureExplanation, explain_feature
+from app.ml.feature_store import FeatureVector
+from app.ml.registry.model_registry import ModelRegistry
+from app.ml.training import TrainedArtifact, TrainingPipeline
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class PredictionResult:
+    artifact_id: str
+    sensor_id: str
+    predictions: dict[str, float]
+    confidence: float
+    model_type: str
+    explanations: dict[str, FeatureExplanation]
+
+
+class Predictor:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        pipeline: TrainingPipeline | None = None,
+        registry: ModelRegistry | None = None,
+    ) -> None:
+        if isinstance(pipeline, ModelRegistry) and registry is None:
+            registry = pipeline
+            pipeline = None
+        if pipeline is None and registry is None:
+            raise ValueError("Predictor erfordert TrainingPipeline oder ModelRegistry.")
+        self._pipeline = pipeline
+        self._registry = registry
+
+    def predict(self, artifact_id: str, entity: FeatureVector) -> PredictionResult:
+        artifact = self._get_artifact(artifact_id)
+        if entity.sensor_id not in artifact.supported_sensors:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Sensor '{entity.sensor_id}' wird vom Modell '{artifact_id}' nicht unterstützt."
+            )
+        sensor_models = artifact.feature_models.get(entity.sensor_id, {})
+        if not sensor_models:
+            raise ValueError(f"Modell '{artifact_id}' enthält keine statistischen Parameter.")
+
+        feature_names = sorted(set(sensor_models).intersection(entity.values))
+        if not feature_names:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"Keine Eingabemerkmale werden vom Modell '{artifact_id}' unterstützt."
+            )
+
+        predictions: dict[str, float] = {}
+        explanations: dict[str, FeatureExplanation] = {}
+        confidences: list[float] = []
+        for feature_name in feature_names:
+            model = sensor_models[feature_name]
+            current_value = float(entity.values[feature_name])
+            if not math.isfinite(current_value):
+                raise ValueError("Vorhersagewerte müssen endlich sein.")
+            predicted_value = model.forecast(current_value)
+            predictions[feature_name] = predicted_value
+            explanations[feature_name] = explain_feature(
+                feature_name,
+                current_value,
+                predicted_value,
+                model,
+            )
+            confidences.append(model.confidence)
+
+        return PredictionResult(
+            artifact_id=artifact_id,
+            sensor_id=entity.sensor_id,
+            predictions=predictions,
+            confidence=sum(confidences) / len(confidences),
+            model_type=artifact.model_type,
+            explanations=explanations,
+        )
+
+    def predict_batch(
+        self,
+        artifact_id: str,
+        entities: Sequence[FeatureVector],
+    ) -> list[PredictionResult]:
+        return [self.predict(artifact_id, entity) for entity in entities]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def default_artifact(pipeline: TrainingPipeline) -> TrainedArtifact:
+        artifacts = list(pipeline._artifacts)
+        if not artifacts:
+            raise ValueError("Kein trainiertes Modell gefunden.")
+        return pipeline.export(artifacts[-1])
+
+    def _get_artifact(self, artifact_id: str) -> TrainedArtifact:
+        if self._registry is not None:
+            return self._registry.load_artifact(artifact_id)
+        if self._pipeline is not None:
+            return self._pipeline.export(artifact_id)
+        raise RuntimeError("Predictor nicht initialisiert.")

app/ml/registry/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+from .model_registry import ModelRegistry
+
+__all__ = ["ModelRegistry"]

app/ml/registry/model_registry.py

@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import logging
+import math
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+import re
+from threading import RLock
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+
+from app.ml.training import FeatureModel, TrainedArtifact
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_ARTIFACT_ID_PATTERN = re.compile(r"^[A-Za-z0-9][A-Za-z0-9._-]{0,127}$")
+
+
+class ModelRegistry:
+    def __init__(self, root: str | Path) -> None:
+        self._root = Path(root).resolve()
+        self._root.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        self._artifacts: dict[str, TrainedArtifact] = {}
+        self._lock = RLock()
+        self._load_existing()
+
+    def register(self, artifact: TrainedArtifact) -> TrainedArtifact:
+        registered, _ = self.register_with_status(artifact)
+        return registered
+
+    def register_with_status(self, artifact: TrainedArtifact) -> tuple[TrainedArtifact, bool]:
+        self._validate_artifact_id(artifact.artifact_id)
+        with self._lock:
+            replaced = artifact.artifact_id in self._artifacts
+            self._persist(artifact)
+            self._artifacts[artifact.artifact_id] = artifact
+        return artifact, replaced
+
+    def load_artifact(self, artifact_id: str) -> TrainedArtifact:
+        self._validate_artifact_id(artifact_id)
+        with self._lock:
+            if artifact_id not in self._artifacts:
+                raise KeyError(f"Artifact '{artifact_id}' nicht registriert.")
+            return self._artifacts[artifact_id]
+
+    def list_models(self) -> Iterable[TrainedArtifact]:
+        with self._lock:
+            return [self._artifacts[key] for key in sorted(self._artifacts)]
+
+    def _load_existing(self) -> None:
+        for source in sorted(self._root.glob("*.json")):
+            try:
+                raw = json.loads(source.read_text(encoding="utf-8"))
+                artifact_id = raw["artifact_id"]
+                supported_sensors = raw["supported_sensors"]
+                model_type = raw.get("model_type", "metadata")
+                raw_feature_models = raw.get("feature_models", {})
+                if not isinstance(artifact_id, str) or not isinstance(supported_sensors, list):
+                    raise ValueError("invalid artifact structure")
+                if not isinstance(model_type, str):
+                    raise ValueError("model_type must be a string")
+                self._validate_artifact_id(artifact_id)
+                if source.name != f"{artifact_id}.json":
+                    raise ValueError("artifact id does not match filename")
+                if not all(isinstance(sensor, str) for sensor in supported_sensors):
+                    raise ValueError("supported_sensors must contain strings")
+                feature_models = _deserialize_feature_models(raw_feature_models)
+            except (KeyError, TypeError, ValueError, json.JSONDecodeError) as exc:
+                raise ValueError(f"Ungültiges Modell-Artefakt: {source.name}") from exc
+
+            self._artifacts[artifact_id] = TrainedArtifact(
+                artifact_id=artifact_id,
+                supported_sensors=tuple(supported_sensors),
+                feature_models=feature_models,
+                model_type=model_type,
+            )
+
+    def _persist(self, artifact: TrainedArtifact) -> None:
+        target = self._root / f"{artifact.artifact_id}.json"
+        temporary = target.with_suffix(".json.tmp")
+        payload = {
+            "artifact_id": artifact.artifact_id,
+            "supported_sensors": list(artifact.supported_sensors),
+            "model_type": artifact.model_type,
+            "feature_models": {
+                sensor_id: {
+                    feature_name: {
+                        "sample_count": model.sample_count,
+                        "mean": model.mean,
+                        "standard_deviation": model.standard_deviation,
+                        "minimum": model.minimum,
+                        "maximum": model.maximum,
+                        "slope": model.slope,
+                        "intercept": model.intercept,
+                    }
+                    for feature_name, model in sorted(models.items())
+                }
+                for sensor_id, models in sorted(artifact.feature_models.items())
+            },
+        }
+        temporary.write_text(
+            json.dumps(payload, ensure_ascii=True, sort_keys=True) + "\n",
+            encoding="utf-8",
+        )
+        os.replace(temporary, target)
+        logger.info("Modell gespeichert: %s", target)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _validate_artifact_id(artifact_id: str) -> None:
+        if not _ARTIFACT_ID_PATTERN.fullmatch(artifact_id) or ".." in artifact_id:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "artifact_id darf nur Buchstaben, Ziffern, Punkt, Unterstrich "
+                "und Bindestrich enthalten."
+            )
+
+
+def _deserialize_feature_models(raw: object) -> dict[str, dict[str, FeatureModel]]:
+    if not isinstance(raw, dict):
+        raise ValueError("feature_models must be an object")
+
+    result: dict[str, dict[str, FeatureModel]] = {}
+    for sensor_id, raw_features in raw.items():
+        if not isinstance(sensor_id, str) or not isinstance(raw_features, dict):
+            raise ValueError("invalid sensor feature models")
+        features: dict[str, FeatureModel] = {}
+        for feature_name, raw_model in raw_features.items():
+            if not isinstance(feature_name, str) or not isinstance(raw_model, dict):
+                raise ValueError("invalid feature model")
+            sample_count = raw_model.get("sample_count")
+            if not isinstance(sample_count, int) or isinstance(sample_count, bool) or sample_count < 1:
+                raise ValueError("sample_count must be a positive integer")
+            values = {
+                key: _finite_number(raw_model.get(key))
+                for key in (
+                    "mean",
+                    "standard_deviation",
+                    "minimum",
+                    "maximum",
+                    "slope",
+                    "intercept",
+                )
+            }
+            features[feature_name] = FeatureModel(
+                sample_count=sample_count,
+                mean=values["mean"],
+                standard_deviation=values["standard_deviation"],
+                minimum=values["minimum"],
+                maximum=values["maximum"],
+                slope=values["slope"],
+                intercept=values["intercept"],
+            )
+        result[sensor_id] = features
+    return result
+
+
+def _finite_number(value: object) -> float:
+    if not isinstance(value, (int, float)) or isinstance(value, bool):
+        raise ValueError("feature model values must be finite numbers")
+    converted = float(value)
+    if not math.isfinite(converted):
+        raise ValueError("feature model values must be finite numbers")
+    return converted

app/ml/retraining.py

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
+from app.ml.feature_store import FeatureStore, FeatureVector
+from app.ml.registry.model_registry import ModelRegistry
+from app.ml.training import TrainedArtifact, TrainingPipeline
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class RetrainingResult:
+    artifact: TrainedArtifact
+    replaced: bool
+
+
+class RetrainingService:
+    """Runs one retraining cycle without owning scheduling or background threads."""
+
+    def __init__(self, registry: ModelRegistry) -> None:
+        self._registry = registry
+
+    def retrain(
+        self,
+        artifact_id: str,
+        vectors: Iterable[FeatureVector],
+    ) -> RetrainingResult:
+        store = FeatureStore()
+        store.add_batch(vectors)
+        pipeline = TrainingPipeline(store)
+        artifact = pipeline.run(artifact_id)
+        _, replaced = self._registry.register_with_status(artifact)
+        return RetrainingResult(artifact=artifact, replaced=replaced)
+
+
+def retrain_model(
+    registry: ModelRegistry,
+    artifact_id: str,
+    vectors: Iterable[FeatureVector],
+) -> RetrainingResult:
+    """Scheduler-compatible entry point for exactly one retraining run."""
+
+    return RetrainingService(registry).retrain(artifact_id, vectors)

app/ml/training.py

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import math
+from collections import defaultdict
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+
+from app.ml.feature_store import FeatureStore
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class FeatureModel:
+    sample_count: int
+    mean: float
+    standard_deviation: float
+    minimum: float
+    maximum: float
+    slope: float
+    intercept: float
+
+    def forecast(self, current_value: float | None = None) -> float:
+        if current_value is not None:
+            return current_value + self.slope
+        return self.intercept + self.slope * self.sample_count
+
+    @property
+    def confidence(self) -> float:
+        sample_score = self.sample_count / (self.sample_count + 2)
+        scale = abs(self.mean) if abs(self.mean) > 1e-9 else 1.0
+        stability_score = 1.0 / (1.0 + self.standard_deviation / scale)
+        return min(0.99, max(0.05, sample_score * stability_score))
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class TrainedArtifact:
+    artifact_id: str
+    supported_sensors: tuple[str, ...]
+    feature_models: dict[str, dict[str, FeatureModel]] = field(default_factory=dict)
+    model_type: str = "statistical_baseline"
+
+
+class TrainingPipeline:
+    def __init__(self, store: FeatureStore) -> None:
+        self._store = store
+        self._artifacts: dict[str, TrainedArtifact] = {}
+
+    def run(self, artifact_id: str) -> TrainedArtifact:
+        vectors = self._store.all()
+        if not vectors:
+            raise ValueError("FeatureStore enthält keine Trainingsdaten.")
+
+        samples: dict[str, dict[str, list[float]]] = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(list))
+        for vector in vectors:
+            for feature_name, raw_value in vector.values.items():
+                value = float(raw_value)
+                if math.isfinite(value):
+                    samples[vector.sensor_id][feature_name].append(value)
+
+        feature_models = {
+            sensor_id: {
+                feature_name: _fit_feature(values)
+                for feature_name, values in sorted(features.items())
+                if values
+            }
+            for sensor_id, features in sorted(samples.items())
+        }
+        feature_models = {
+            sensor_id: models for sensor_id, models in feature_models.items() if models
+        }
+        if not feature_models:
+            raise ValueError("Trainingsdaten enthalten keine endlichen numerischen Werte.")
+
+        sensors = tuple(feature_models)
+        artifact = TrainedArtifact(
+            artifact_id=artifact_id,
+            supported_sensors=sensors,
+            feature_models=feature_models,
+        )
+        self._artifacts[artifact_id] = artifact
+        logger.info("Training abgeschlossen für %s mit %d Sensoren", artifact_id, len(sensors))
+        return artifact
+
+    def export(self, artifact_id: str) -> TrainedArtifact:
+        if artifact_id not in self._artifacts:
+            raise KeyError(f"Artifact '{artifact_id}' nicht gefunden.")
+        return self._artifacts[artifact_id]
+
+
+def _fit_feature(values: list[float]) -> FeatureModel:
+    sample_count = len(values)
+    mean = sum(values) / sample_count
+    variance = sum((value - mean) ** 2 for value in values) / sample_count
+    standard_deviation = math.sqrt(variance)
+
+    if sample_count == 1:
+        slope = 0.0
+        intercept = mean
+    else:
+        x_mean = (sample_count - 1) / 2
+        denominator = sum((index - x_mean) ** 2 for index in range(sample_count))
+        numerator = sum(
+            (index - x_mean) * (value - mean) for index, value in enumerate(values)
+        )
+        slope = numerator / denominator
+        intercept = mean - slope * x_mean
+
+    return FeatureModel(
+        sample_count=sample_count,
+        mean=mean,
+        standard_deviation=standard_deviation,
+        minimum=min(values),
+        maximum=max(values),
+        slope=slope,
+        intercept=intercept,
+    )

app/rules/heating.py

@@ -6,24 +6,27 @@ from app.ha.models import HaEntitySummary
 from app.rules.recommender import Rule
 
 
-HEATING_SENSOR_DEVICE_CLASSES = frozenset({"temperature", "humidity"})
-HEATING_BINARY_SENSOR_DEVICE_CLASSES = frozenset({"occupancy", "presence"})
-
-
 class HeatingRule(Rule):
+    """Heizungsregel: Nur auf heizungsrelevante Entitäten reagieren.
+
+    Triggert bei:
+    - `climate`-Entitäten direkt
+    - `sensor` mit `device_class` in {temperature, humidity}
+    - `binary_sensor` mit `device_class` in {occupancy, presence}
+
+    Alle anderen Domains/Device-Klassen bleiben ohne Effekt.
+    """
+
+    HEATING_SENSOR_CLASSES: frozenset[str] = frozenset({"temperature", "humidity"})
+    HEATING_PRESENCE_CLASSES: frozenset[str] = frozenset({"occupancy", "presence"})
+
     def matches(self, entities: Sequence[HaEntitySummary]) -> bool:
-        for entity in entities:
+        for item in entities:
-            if entity.domain == "climate":
+            if item.domain == "climate":
                 return True
-            if (
+            if item.domain == "sensor" and item.device_class in self.HEATING_SENSOR_CLASSES:
-                entity.domain == "sensor"
-                and entity.device_class in HEATING_SENSOR_DEVICE_CLASSES
-            ):
                 return True
-            if (
+            if item.domain == "binary_sensor" and item.device_class in self.HEATING_PRESENCE_CLASSES:
-                entity.domain == "binary_sensor"
-                and entity.device_class in HEATING_BINARY_SENSOR_DEVICE_CLASSES
-            ):
                 return True
         return False
 

app/static/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,149 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="de">
+<head>
+  <meta charset="utf-8">
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">
+  <title>SillyHome Next</title>
+  <style>
+    :root { color-scheme: dark; font-family: system-ui, sans-serif; background: #10151c; color: #eaf1f8; }
+    body { margin: 0; }
+    header { padding: 20px; background: linear-gradient(135deg,#142b3a,#193f36); }
+    h1,h2 { margin: 0 0 12px; }
+    header p { margin: 4px 0; color: #b9c9d6; }
+    main { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit,minmax(310px,1fr)); gap: 14px; padding: 14px; }
+    section { background: #18212b; border: 1px solid #2d3a47; border-radius: 12px; padding: 16px; }
+    .wide { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
+    .ok { color: #66dfa9; } .bad { color: #ff8f8f; }
+    label { display: block; margin: 9px 0 4px; color: #b9c9d6; }
+    input,select,textarea,button { box-sizing: border-box; width: 100%; border-radius: 7px; border: 1px solid #3b4b5b; padding: 9px; background: #101820; color: #fff; }
+    button { margin-top: 10px; background: #23715b; border: 0; font-weight: 700; cursor: pointer; }
+    button.secondary { background: #37495c; }
+    pre { white-space: pre-wrap; max-height: 310px; overflow: auto; background: #0d141b; padding: 10px; border-radius: 7px; }
+    table { width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: .9rem; }
+    td,th { padding: 7px; border-bottom: 1px solid #2d3a47; text-align: left; }
+    .notice { border-left: 4px solid #e8b34b; padding-left: 10px; }
+  </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+<header>
+  <h1>SillyHome Next</h1>
+  <p>Lokale Home-Assistant-Analyse, Vorhersagen und kontrollierte Automation-Entwürfe.</p>
+  <p class="notice">Sicherheitsmodus: Entwürfe werden niemals automatisch in Home Assistant ausgeführt.</p>
+</header>
+<main>
+  <section>
+    <h2>Systemstatus</h2>
+    <div id="status">Prüfung läuft ...</div>
+    <button class="secondary" onclick="loadStatus()">Neu laden</button>
+  </section>
+  <section>
+    <h2>Entity Discovery</h2>
+    <label for="domain">Domain (optional)</label>
+    <input id="domain" placeholder="sensor">
+    <button onclick="discover()">HA-Entities analysieren</button>
+    <pre id="discovery">Noch nicht geladen.</pre>
+  </section>
+  <section>
+    <h2>Modell trainieren</h2>
+    <label for="train-model">Modell-ID</label><input id="train-model" value="home-model">
+    <label for="train-sensor">Sensor</label><input id="train-sensor" placeholder="sensor.temperatur">
+    <label for="train-feature">Merkmal</label><input id="train-feature" value="value">
+    <label for="train-values">Messwerte, komma-getrennt</label><input id="train-values" placeholder="19,20,21">
+    <button onclick="train()">Trainieren</button>
+    <pre id="training">Bereit.</pre>
+  </section>
+  <section>
+    <h2>Vorhersage</h2>
+    <label for="predict-model">Modell-ID</label><input id="predict-model" value="home-model">
+    <label for="predict-sensor">Sensor</label><input id="predict-sensor" placeholder="sensor.temperatur">
+    <label for="predict-feature">Merkmal</label><input id="predict-feature" value="value">
+    <label for="predict-value">Aktueller Wert</label><input id="predict-value" type="number" step="any">
+    <button onclick="predict()">Vorhersagen und erklären</button>
+    <pre id="prediction">Bereit.</pre>
+  </section>
+  <section class="wide">
+    <h2>Automation-Entwurf</h2>
+    <p>Der Entwurf muss explizit freigegeben werden. Auch danach wird nur YAML exportiert, nichts geschaltet.</p>
+    <div style="display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(220px,1fr));gap:8px">
+      <div><label for="alias">Name</label><input id="alias" value="Licht bei Dunkelheit"></div>
+      <div><label for="trigger">Trigger-Entity</label><input id="trigger" placeholder="sensor.flur_illuminance"></div>
+      <div><label for="below">Unter Grenzwert</label><input id="below" type="number" value="10"></div>
+      <div><label for="service">Dienst</label><select id="service"><option>light.turn_on</option><option>light.turn_off</option><option>switch.turn_on</option><option>switch.turn_off</option></select></div>
+      <div><label for="target">Ziel-Entity</label><input id="target" placeholder="light.flur"></div>
+    </div>
+    <button onclick="createProposal()">Entwurf speichern</button>
+    <button class="secondary" onclick="loadProposals()">Entwürfe aktualisieren</button>
+    <div id="proposals"></div>
+  </section>
+</main>
+<script>
+const pretty = value => JSON.stringify(value, null, 2);
+async function api(path, options={}) {
+  const response = await fetch(path, {headers: {"Content-Type":"application/json"}, ...options});
+  const body = await response.json().catch(() => ({}));
+  if (!response.ok) throw new Error(body.detail || `${response.status} ${response.statusText}`);
+  return body;
+}
+async function loadStatus() {
+  const box=document.getElementById("status");
+  try {
+    const [health, ml, models]=await Promise.all([api("health"),api("ml/health"),api("ml/models")]);
+    box.innerHTML=`<p class="ok">API und ML bereit</p><p>Modelle: ${models.models.length}</p>`;
+  } catch(e) { box.innerHTML=`<p class="bad">${e.message}</p>`; }
+}
+async function discover() {
+  const out=document.getElementById("discovery"), domain=document.getElementById("domain").value.trim();
+  out.textContent="Lade ...";
+  try {
+    const rows=await api(`v1/discovery?learnable=true${domain?`&domain=${encodeURIComponent(domain)}`:""}`);
+    out.textContent=pretty({learnable_entities:rows.length, entities:rows.slice(0,100)});
+  } catch(e) { out.textContent=e.message; }
+}
+async function train() {
+  const out=document.getElementById("training");
+  try {
+    const values=document.getElementById("train-values").value.split(",").map(Number).filter(Number.isFinite);
+    if (!values.length) throw new Error("Mindestens einen Messwert eingeben.");
+    const sensor=document.getElementById("train-sensor").value.trim(), feature=document.getElementById("train-feature").value.trim();
+    const samples=values.map(value=>({sensor_id:sensor,values:{[feature]:value}}));
+    out.textContent=pretty(await api("ml/retrain",{method:"POST",body:JSON.stringify({modelId:document.getElementById("train-model").value,samples})}));
+    await loadStatus();
+  } catch(e) { out.textContent=e.message; }
+}
+async function predict() {
+  const out=document.getElementById("prediction");
+  try {
+    const feature=document.getElementById("predict-feature").value.trim();
+    out.textContent=pretty(await api("ml/predict",{method:"POST",body:JSON.stringify({
+      modelId:document.getElementById("predict-model").value,
+      sensor_id:document.getElementById("predict-sensor").value.trim(),
+      values:{[feature]:Number(document.getElementById("predict-value").value)}
+    })}));
+  } catch(e) { out.textContent=e.message; }
+}
+async function createProposal() {
+  try {
+    await api("v1/automations/proposals",{method:"POST",body:JSON.stringify({
+      alias:document.getElementById("alias").value,
+      description:"Manuell im SillyHome-Dashboard erstellter und nicht automatisch ausgeführter Entwurf.",
+      trigger:{entity_id:document.getElementById("trigger").value,below:Number(document.getElementById("below").value)},
+      action:{service:document.getElementById("service").value,entity_id:document.getElementById("target").value,data:{}}
+    })});
+    await loadProposals();
+  } catch(e) { alert(e.message); }
+}
+async function decide(id, revision, action) {
+  try { await api(`v1/automations/proposals/${id}/${action}`,{method:"POST",body:JSON.stringify({expected_revision:revision})}); await loadProposals(); }
+  catch(e) { alert(e.message); }
+}
+async function loadProposals() {
+  const box=document.getElementById("proposals");
+  try {
+    const rows=await api("v1/automations/proposals");
+    box.innerHTML=rows.length?`<table><tr><th>Name</th><th>Status</th><th>Aktion</th></tr>${rows.map(x=>`<tr><td>${x.alias}</td><td>${x.status}</td><td>${x.status==="draft"?`<button onclick="decide('${x.proposal_id}',${x.revision},'approve')">Freigeben</button><button class="secondary" onclick="decide('${x.proposal_id}',${x.revision},'reject')">Ablehnen</button>`:`${x.status==="approved"?`<a href="v1/automations/proposals/${x.proposal_id}/yaml">YAML laden</a>`:"-"}`}</td></tr>`).join("")}</table>`:"<p>Keine Entwürfe.</p>";
+  } catch(e) { box.textContent=e.message; }
+}
+loadStatus(); loadProposals();
+</script>
+</body>
+</html>

backend/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+"""Secondary application entry points for SillyHome Next."""

backend/app.py

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+from collections.abc import AsyncIterator
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
+
+from fastapi import FastAPI
+from starlette.datastructures import State
+
+from backend.routes.ml import init_ml_routes
+from app.ml.registry.model_registry import ModelRegistry
+from app.ml.training import TrainingPipeline
+from app.ml.feature_store import FeatureStore, FeatureVector
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def lifespan(application: FastAPI) -> AsyncIterator[None]:
+    application.state.registry = ModelRegistry(application.state.model_store)
+    _seed_default_model(application.state)
+    yield
+
+
+def create_app() -> FastAPI:
+    application = FastAPI(title="SillyHome Next ML", lifespan=lifespan)
+    init_ml_routes(application)
+    return application
+
+
+def _seed_default_model(state: State) -> None:
+    registry = getattr(state, "registry", None)
+    if registry is None:
+        registry = ModelRegistry(".model_store")
+        state.registry = registry
+
+    if list(registry.list_models()):
+        return
+
+    store = FeatureStore()
+    store.add(FeatureVector(sensor_id="sensor.front_door", values={"contact": 1.0}))
+    store.add(FeatureVector(sensor_id="sensor.living_room", values={"temperature": 21.0}))
+    pipeline = TrainingPipeline(store)
+    artifact = pipeline.run("default")
+    registry.register(artifact)
+
+
+app = create_app()

backend/routes/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+"""API route modules."""

backend/routes/ml.py

@@ -0,0 +1,253 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
+from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI, HTTPException, Request, status
+from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
+
+from app.ml.evaluation import Evaluator
+from app.ml.feature_store import FeatureVector
+from app.ml.predictor import Predictor
+from app.ml.registry.model_registry import ModelRegistry
+from app.ml.retraining import retrain_model
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+router = APIRouter(prefix="/ml", tags=["ml"])
+
+
+class HealthResponse(BaseModel):
+    status: str
+    updated_at: datetime = Field(default_factory=lambda: datetime.now(timezone.utc))
+
+
+class PredictRequest(BaseModel):
+    model_id: str = Field(..., alias="modelId")
+    sensor_id: str
+    values: dict[str, float]
+
+
+class PredictResponse(BaseModel):
+    model_id: str
+    sensor_id: str
+    predictions: dict[str, float]
+    confidence: float
+    model_type: str
+    explanations: dict[str, "FeatureExplanationResponse"]
+
+
+class FeatureExplanationResponse(BaseModel):
+    feature: str
+    current_value: float
+    predicted_value: float
+    change: float
+    direction: str
+    sample_count: int
+    historical_mean: float
+    historical_range: tuple[float, float]
+    standard_deviation: float
+    trend_per_step: float
+    confidence: float
+    summary: str
+
+
+class BatchRequest(BaseModel):
+    requests: Sequence[PredictRequest]
+
+
+class BatchResponse(BaseModel):
+    predictions: Sequence[PredictResponse]
+
+
+class ModelsResponse(BaseModel):
+    models: list[str]
+
+
+class TrainingSample(BaseModel):
+    sensor_id: str = Field(min_length=1)
+    values: dict[str, float]
+    label: str | None = None
+
+
+class RetrainRequest(BaseModel):
+    model_id: str = Field(..., alias="modelId", min_length=1, max_length=128)
+    samples: list[TrainingSample] = Field(min_length=1)
+
+
+class RetrainResponse(BaseModel):
+    model_id: str
+    supported_sensors: list[str]
+    trained_features: int
+    model_type: str
+    replaced: bool
+
+
+class EvaluateRequest(BaseModel):
+    model_id: str = Field(..., alias="modelId", min_length=1, max_length=128)
+    samples: list[TrainingSample] = Field(min_length=1)
+
+
+class MetricResponse(BaseModel):
+    name: str
+    value: float
+    threshold: float | None = None
+
+
+class EvaluateResponse(BaseModel):
+    model_id: str
+    sample_size: int
+    metrics: list[MetricResponse]
+
+
+@router.get("/health", response_model=HealthResponse, status_code=200)
+def health() -> HealthResponse:
+    return HealthResponse(status="ok")
+
+
+@router.get("/models", response_model=ModelsResponse, status_code=200)
+def list_models(request: Request) -> ModelsResponse:
+    registry = _require_registry(request)
+    models = [artifact.artifact_id for artifact in registry.list_models()]
+    return ModelsResponse(models=models)
+
+
+@router.post("/retrain", response_model=RetrainResponse, status_code=200)
+def retrain(payload: RetrainRequest, request: Request) -> RetrainResponse:
+    registry = _require_registry(request)
+    vectors = [
+        FeatureVector(
+            sensor_id=sample.sensor_id,
+            values=sample.values,
+            label=sample.label,
+        )
+        for sample in payload.samples
+    ]
+    try:
+        result = retrain_model(registry, payload.model_id, vectors)
+    except ValueError as exc:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT,
+            detail=str(exc),
+        ) from exc
+    return RetrainResponse(
+        model_id=result.artifact.artifact_id,
+        supported_sensors=list(result.artifact.supported_sensors),
+        trained_features=sum(
+            len(feature_models)
+            for feature_models in result.artifact.feature_models.values()
+        ),
+        model_type=result.artifact.model_type,
+        replaced=result.replaced,
+    )
+
+
+@router.post("/evaluate", response_model=EvaluateResponse, status_code=200)
+def evaluate(payload: EvaluateRequest, request: Request) -> EvaluateResponse:
+    registry = _require_registry(request)
+    vectors = [
+        FeatureVector(
+            sensor_id=sample.sensor_id,
+            values=sample.values,
+            label=sample.label,
+        )
+        for sample in payload.samples
+    ]
+    try:
+        report = Evaluator(registry=registry).evaluate(payload.model_id, vectors)
+    except ValueError as exc:
+        try:
+            registry.load_artifact(payload.model_id)
+        except KeyError:
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND,
+                detail=str(exc),
+            ) from exc
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT,
+            detail=str(exc),
+        ) from exc
+    return EvaluateResponse(
+        model_id=report.artifact_id,
+        sample_size=report.sample_size,
+        metrics=[
+            MetricResponse(name=metric.name, value=metric.value, threshold=metric.threshold)
+            for metric in report.metrics
+        ],
+    )
+
+
+@router.post("/predict", response_model=PredictResponse, status_code=200)
+def predict(payload: PredictRequest, request: Request) -> PredictResponse:
+    registry = _require_registry(request)
+    predictor = Predictor(registry=registry)
+    vector = FeatureVector(sensor_id=payload.sensor_id, values=payload.values)
+    try:
+        prediction = predictor.predict(payload.model_id, vector)
+    except KeyError as exc:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND, detail=str(exc)) from exc
+    except ValueError as exc:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT,
+            detail=str(exc),
+        ) from exc
+    return PredictResponse(
+        model_id=payload.model_id,
+        sensor_id=payload.sensor_id,
+        predictions=prediction.predictions,
+        confidence=prediction.confidence,
+        model_type=prediction.model_type,
+        explanations={
+            name: FeatureExplanationResponse(**explanation.__dict__)
+            for name, explanation in prediction.explanations.items()
+        },
+    )
+
+
+@router.post("/batch", response_model=BatchResponse, status_code=200)
+def predict_batch(payload: BatchRequest, request: Request) -> BatchResponse:
+    registry = _require_registry(request)
+    predictor = Predictor(registry=registry)
+    responses: list[PredictResponse] = []
+    for item in payload.requests:
+        vector = FeatureVector(sensor_id=item.sensor_id, values=item.values)
+        try:
+            prediction = predictor.predict(item.model_id, vector)
+        except KeyError as exc:
+            raise HTTPException(status_code=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND, detail=str(exc)) from exc
+        except ValueError as exc:
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=status.HTTP_422_UNPROCESSABLE_CONTENT,
+                detail=str(exc),
+            ) from exc
+        responses.append(
+            PredictResponse(
+                model_id=item.model_id,
+                sensor_id=item.sensor_id,
+                predictions=prediction.predictions,
+                confidence=prediction.confidence,
+                model_type=prediction.model_type,
+                explanations={
+                    name: FeatureExplanationResponse(**explanation.__dict__)
+                    for name, explanation in prediction.explanations.items()
+                },
+            )
+        )
+    return BatchResponse(predictions=responses)
+
+
+def _require_registry(request: Request) -> ModelRegistry:
+    registry = getattr(request.app.state, "registry", None)
+    if not isinstance(registry, ModelRegistry):
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_503_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE,
+            detail="ML registry nicht initialisiert.",
+        )
+    return registry
+
+
+def init_ml_routes(app: FastAPI, model_store: str = ".model_store") -> None:
+    app.state.model_store = model_store
+    app.include_router(router)
+    logger.info("ML routes registered")

docker-compose.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+services:
+  api:
+    build: .
+    ports:
+      - "127.0.0.1:8000:8000"
+    env_file:
+      - path: .env
+        required: false
+    environment:
+      SILLYHOME_MODEL_STORE: /app/data/models
+      SILLYHOME_AUTOMATION_STORE: /app/data/automations
+    volumes:
+      - model-data:/app/data/models
+      - automation-data:/app/data/automations
+    read_only: true
+    tmpfs:
+      - /tmp
+    security_opt:
+      - no-new-privileges:true
+    cap_drop:
+      - ALL
+    restart: unless-stopped
+
+volumes:
+  model-data:
+  automation-data:

docs/automations.md

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# Automation-Vorschläge
+
+SillyHome Next führt Automationen niemals automatisch aus. Der Workflow ist:
+
+1. Vorschlag als `draft` erstellen.
+2. Inhalt und Ziel-Entity prüfen.
+3. Mit aktueller Revision explizit freigeben oder ablehnen.
+4. Nur freigegebene Vorschläge als Home-Assistant-YAML exportieren.
+5. Das YAML außerhalb von SillyHome Next in Home Assistant importieren.
+
+Erlaubt sind numerische Sensor-Trigger und Aktionsdienste aus den Domains
+`light`, `switch`, `climate`, `fan` und `cover`. Shell-Kommandos, Skripte und
+beliebige Service-Domains werden abgewiesen. Eine einmal getroffene Entscheidung
+kann nicht überschrieben werden; Änderungen benötigen einen neuen Vorschlag.

docs/ha_data.md

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# Home-Assistant-Datenpipeline
+
+SillyHome Next trennt aktuelle Entity-Metadaten, Discovery und historische
+Messwerte. Dadurch gelangen nur klassifizierte, geeignete Daten in spätere
+Trainings- und Erklärungsprozesse.
+
+## Entity Discovery
+
+`GET /v1/discovery` klassifiziert Home-Assistant-Entities in:
+
+- `measurement`: numerische Messsensoren, für Training geeignet
+- `binary_context`: binäre Kontextsensoren wie Bewegung oder Anwesenheit
+- `context`: Personen-, Wetter- und Standortkontext
+- `actuator`: mögliche Automationsziele, nicht als Trainingssensor verwendet
+- `unsupported`: noch nicht klassifizierte Entity-Typen
+
+Optionale Query-Parameter:
+
+- `domain=sensor` kann mehrfach angegeben werden
+- `learnable=true|false` filtert nach Trainingsrelevanz
+
+## Historische Daten
+
+Historische Zustände werden über Home Assistants
+`/api/history/period/<start>`-Schnittstelle geladen. Abfragen verlangen:
+
+- mindestens eine Entity-ID, maximal 100
+- zeitzonenbehaftete Start- und Endzeit
+- ein Enddatum nach dem Startdatum
+- maximal 31 Tage pro Abfrage
+
+Die Normalisierung übernimmt nur endliche numerische Zustände. `unknown`,
+`unavailable`, nichtnumerische Werte, `NaN` und unendliche Werte werden nicht
+als Trainingsdaten verwendet. Ergebnisse werden je Entity chronologisch
+sortiert.
+
+## Datenschutz und Betrieb
+
+Die Daten bleiben lokal. Home-Assistant-Tokens gehören ausschließlich in die
+Umgebungskonfiguration und dürfen nicht protokolliert oder versioniert werden.
+Die API sollte nur lokal oder hinter einem authentifizierenden Reverse Proxy
+erreichbar sein.

docs/ml_api.md

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+# ML-Serving-API
+
+Diese Dokumentation beschreibt die REST-Endpunkte der aktuellen
+Modell-Artefakt- und Vorhersage-Schnittstelle.
+
+Das Serving verwendet ein lokal trainiertes statistisches Baseline-Modell.
+
+## Basis-URL
+
+- Standard: `http://127.0.0.1:8000/ml`
+- Health: `/health`
+- Modelle: `/models`
+- Retraining: `/retrain`
+- Evaluation: `/evaluate`
+- Einzelvorhersage: `/predict`
+- Batchvorhersage: `/batch`
+
+Der Standard-Start erfolgt über `uvicorn app.main:app`, danach stehen HA- und
+ML-Routen in derselben Anwendung bereit.
+
+## Endpoints
+
+### `GET /ml/health`
+
+Health-Check der ML-Services.
+
+**Beispielantwort**
+```json
+{
+  "status": "ok",
+  "updated_at": "2026-06-11T12:00:00Z"
+}
+```
+
+### `GET /ml/models`
+
+Listet alle registrierten Modell-Artefakte auf.
+
+**Beispielantwort**
+```json
+{
+  "models": ["default"]
+}
+```
+
+### `POST /ml/predict`
+
+Einzelne Vorhersage für einen Sensor.
+
+**Request**
+```json
+{
+  "modelId": "default",
+  "sensor_id": "sensor.kitchen",
+  "values": {"temperature": 21.0}
+}
+```
+
+**Antwort**
+```json
+{
+  "model_id": "default",
+  "sensor_id": "sensor.kitchen",
+  "predictions": {"temperature": 21.4},
+  "confidence": 0.78,
+  "model_type": "statistical_baseline",
+  "explanations": {
+    "temperature": {
+      "direction": "steigend",
+      "change": 0.4,
+      "sample_count": 24,
+      "historical_mean": 20.7,
+      "trend_per_step": 0.4,
+      "summary": "temperature: steigend; Prognose ..."
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+Die Erklärung nennt pro Merkmal den aktuellen und prognostizierten Wert,
+Richtung, Veränderung, Datenbasis, historischen Bereich, Streuung, Trend und
+Confidence. Sie wird deterministisch aus den gespeicherten Modellparametern
+erzeugt.
+
+### `POST /ml/retrain`
+
+Trainiert die Artefakt-Metadaten aus neuen Sensordaten. Existiert `modelId`
+bereits, wird das Artefakt atomisch ersetzt und beim nächsten Prozessstart aus
+dem Modellverzeichnis geladen.
+
+**Request**
+```json
+{
+  "modelId": "home-model",
+  "samples": [
+    {
+      "sensor_id": "sensor.kitchen",
+      "values": {"temperature": 21.0},
+      "label": "occupied"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+**Antwort**
+```json
+{
+  "model_id": "home-model",
+  "supported_sensors": ["sensor.kitchen"],
+  "trained_features": 1,
+  "model_type": "statistical_baseline",
+  "replaced": false
+}
+```
+
+### `POST /ml/evaluate`
+
+Vergleicht Modellvorhersagen mit Validierungsdaten und liefert MAE, RMSE und
+Coverage. Der Request verwendet dasselbe Sample-Format wie `/ml/retrain`.
+
+### `POST /ml/batch`
+
+Batch-Vorhersage für mehrere Sensorwerte.
+
+**Request**
+```json
+{
+  "requests": [
+    {
+      "modelId": "default",
+      "sensor_id": "sensor.kitchen",
+      "values": {"temperature": 21.0}
+    },
+    {
+      "modelId": "default",
+      "sensor_id": "sensor.bedroom",
+      "values": {"temperature": 18.5}
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+**Antwort**
+```json
+{
+  "predictions": [
+    {
+      "model_id": "default",
+      "sensor_id": "sensor.kitchen",
+      "predictions": {"temperature": 21.4},
+      "confidence": 0.78,
+      "model_type": "statistical_baseline"
+    },
+    {
+      "model_id": "default",
+      "sensor_id": "sensor.bedroom",
+      "predictions": {"temperature": 18.3},
+      "confidence": 0.74,
+      "model_type": "statistical_baseline"
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+## Fehlerfälle
+
+- `404 Not Found`: Modell nicht registriert.
+- `422 Unprocessable Content`: Sensor wird vom Modell nicht unterstützt oder Eingabe ist ungültig.
+- `503 Service Unavailable`: Registry ist nicht initialisiert.
+
+## Betrieb
+
+Die produktive App lädt Artefakte aus `SILLYHOME_MODEL_STORE`. Neue Artefakte
+werden über `/ml/retrain`, `RetrainingService` oder direkt über
+`ModelRegistry.register(...)` registriert. Die Registry speichert validiertes
+JSON atomisch und lädt es beim Neustart. Die API sollte nur in einem
+vertrauenswürdigen Netz oder hinter einem authentifizierenden Reverse Proxy
+erreichbar sein.
+
+## Verweise
+
+- `app/ml/predictor.py`
+- `app/ml/retraining.py`
+- `app/ml/registry/model_registry.py`
+- `backend/routes/ml.py`

docs/ml_training.md

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+# ML Training- und Evaluations-Workflow
+
+SillyHome Next trainiert ein lokales statistisches Baseline-Modell pro Sensor
+und Merkmal. Es benötigt keine Cloud und keine externe ML-Laufzeit.
+
+## 1. Daten sammeln
+
+Alle Trainingsvektoren werden über `FeatureStore.add(...)` oder `add_batch(...)` eingepflegt. Jeder Vektor enthält eine Sensor-ID sowie ein Dictionary mit Merkmalen.
+
+## 2. Statistisches Artefakt erzeugen
+
+```python
+store = FeatureStore()
+store.add(FeatureVector(sensor_id="sensor.kitchen", values={"temperature": 21.0}))
+pipeline = TrainingPipeline(store)
+artifact = pipeline.run("my_artifact")
+pipeline.export("my_artifact")
+```
+
+`TrainingPipeline.run(...)` berechnet für jedes numerische Merkmal:
+
+- Stichprobenzahl
+- Mittelwert und Standardabweichung
+- Minimum und Maximum
+- linearen Trend mit Steigung und Achsenabschnitt
+
+Die nächste Vorhersage kombiniert den letzten beobachteten Wert mit der
+trainierten Trendsteigung. Die Confidence berücksichtigt Datenmenge und
+Stabilität.
+
+## 3. Modell evaluieren
+
+```python
+evaluator = Evaluator(pipeline)
+report = evaluator.evaluate(artifact.artifact_id, validation_samples)
+```
+
+Der Report enthält echte numerische Vergleichsmetriken:
+- `artifact_id`
+- `sample_size`
+- `mae` (Mean Absolute Error)
+- `rmse` (Root Mean Squared Error)
+- `coverage` für den Anteil auswertbarer Merkmale
+
+## 4. Modell registrieren
+
+Das trainierte Artefakt kann anschließend über `ModelRegistry.register(artifact)` bereitgestellt werden. Die ML-Serving-API stellt es unter `/ml/predict` und `/ml/batch` zur Verfügung.
+
+## 5. Retraining ausführen
+
+`RetrainingService.retrain(...)` führt genau einen Trainingslauf aus und ersetzt
+ein vorhandenes Artefakt mit derselben ID atomisch in der Registry:
+
+```python
+service = RetrainingService(registry)
+result = service.retrain("home-model", vectors)
+```
+
+Scheduler, Cronjobs oder Home-Assistant-Automationen können alternativ die
+zustandslose Funktion `retrain_model(registry, artifact_id, vectors)` aufrufen.
+Der Service startet bewusst keinen eigenen Hintergrundprozess. Über
+`POST /ml/retrain` kann derselbe Ablauf per API angestoßen werden.
+
+## Hinweise
+- Für reproduzierbare Sensor-Reihenfolgen wird in `TrainingPipeline.run(...)` eine sortierte Sensor-Liste verwendet.
+- Fehlende Trainingsdaten lösen `ValueError` aus; nicht registrierte Artefakte lösen `KeyError` aus.
+- Nur endliche numerische Werte werden trainiert.
+- `coverage` bleibt im Bereich 0 bis 1.

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
+[build-system]
+requires = ["setuptools>=69"]
+build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
+
 [project]
 name = "sillyhome-next"
-version = "0.1.0"
+version = "0.3.0"
 description = "Lokales Smart-Home-Intelligenzsystem für Home Assistant"
 requires-python = ">=3.11"
 dependencies = [
@@ -24,6 +28,10 @@ addopts = "-q"
 
 [tool.mypy]
 strict = true
+files = ["app", "backend", "tests"]
+
+[tool.setuptools.packages.find]
+include = ["app*", "backend*"]
 
 [tool.ruff]
 line-length = 100

repository.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+name: SillyHome Next Add-ons
+url: http://192.168.6.31:3000/pino/sillyhome-next
+maintainer: Pino

tests/api/test_automations.py

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from app.automations.store import AutomationStore
+from app.main import app
+
+
+def _payload() -> dict[str, object]:
+    return {
+        "alias": "Licht bei Dunkelheit",
+        "description": "Schaltet das Flurlicht unter dem Helligkeitsgrenzwert ein.",
+        "trigger": {"entity_id": "sensor.hall_illuminance", "below": 10},
+        "action": {
+            "service": "light.turn_on",
+            "entity_id": "light.hall",
+            "data": {"brightness_pct": 40},
+        },
+    }
+
+
+def test_proposal_requires_explicit_approval_before_yaml(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    with TestClient(app) as client:
+        app.state.automation_store = AutomationStore(tmp_path)
+        created = client.post("/v1/automations/proposals", json=_payload())
+        proposal_id = created.json()["proposal_id"]
+        blocked = client.get(f"/v1/automations/proposals/{proposal_id}/yaml")
+        approved = client.post(
+            f"/v1/automations/proposals/{proposal_id}/approve",
+            json={"expected_revision": 1},
+        )
+        exported = client.get(f"/v1/automations/proposals/{proposal_id}/yaml")
+    assert created.status_code == 201
+    assert created.json()["status"] == "draft"
+    assert blocked.status_code == 409
+    assert approved.json()["status"] == "approved"
+    assert "service: light.turn_on" in exported.text
+
+
+def test_proposal_rejects_unsafe_service_domain(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    payload = _payload()
+    payload["action"] = {
+        "service": "shell_command.run",
+        "entity_id": "light.hall",
+        "data": {},
+    }
+    with TestClient(app) as client:
+        app.state.automation_store = AutomationStore(tmp_path)
+        response = client.post("/v1/automations/proposals", json=payload)
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+
+
+def test_proposal_requires_numeric_threshold(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    payload = _payload()
+    payload["trigger"] = {"entity_id": "sensor.hall_illuminance"}
+    with TestClient(app) as client:
+        app.state.automation_store = AutomationStore(tmp_path)
+        response = client.post("/v1/automations/proposals", json=payload)
+    assert response.status_code == 422

tests/api/test_entities.py

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 from collections.abc import Sequence
+from datetime import datetime
 
 from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
 
 from app.ha.exceptions import HaTimeoutError
+from app.ha.discovery import DiscoveredEntity, EntityRole
+from app.ha.history import EntityHistorySeries, NumericHistoryPoint
 from app.ha.models import HaEntitySummary
 from app.ha.reader import HaReader
 from app.main import app
@@ -15,6 +18,38 @@ class FakeHaReader(HaReader):
     def read_entities(self) -> Sequence[HaEntitySummary]:
         return [HaEntitySummary(entity_id="sensor.temperature", domain="sensor")]
 
+    def discover(
+        self,
+        domains: set[str] | None = None,
+        learnable: bool | None = None,
+    ) -> Sequence[DiscoveredEntity]:
+        result = DiscoveredEntity(
+            entity_id="sensor.temperature",
+            domain="sensor",
+            device_class="temperature",
+            role=EntityRole.MEASUREMENT,
+            learnable=True,
+            reason="Numerischer Messsensor für Zeitreihen und Training.",
+        )
+        if domains and result.domain not in domains:
+            return []
+        if learnable is not None and result.learnable is not learnable:
+            return []
+        return [result]
+
+    def read_history(
+        self,
+        entity_ids: list[str],
+        start_time: datetime,
+        end_time: datetime,
+    ) -> Sequence[EntityHistorySeries]:
+        return [
+            EntityHistorySeries(
+                entity_id=entity_ids[0],
+                points=[NumericHistoryPoint(timestamp=start_time, value=21.5)],
+            )
+        ]
+
 
 class TimeoutHaReader(HaReader):
     def __init__(self) -> None:
@@ -49,8 +84,6 @@ def test_entities_returns_reader_data() -> None:
 
 def test_entities_returns_503_without_home_assistant_config() -> None:
     with TestClient(app) as client:
-        if hasattr(app.state, "ha_reader"):
-            delattr(app.state, "ha_reader")
         response = client.get("/v1/entities")
     assert response.status_code == 503
 
@@ -61,3 +94,44 @@ def test_entities_maps_ha_errors_without_leaking_details() -> None:
         response = client.get("/v1/entities")
     assert response.status_code == 504
     assert response.json() == {"detail": "Home Assistant request timed out."}
+
+
+def test_discovery_filters_entities() -> None:
+    with TestClient(app) as client:
+        app.state.ha_reader = FakeHaReader()
+        response = client.get("/v1/discovery?domain=sensor&learnable=true")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == [
+        {
+            "entity_id": "sensor.temperature",
+            "domain": "sensor",
+            "device_class": "temperature",
+            "state_class": None,
+            "unit_of_measurement": None,
+            "role": "measurement",
+            "learnable": True,
+            "reason": "Numerischer Messsensor für Zeitreihen und Training.",
+        }
+    ]
+
+
+def test_history_returns_normalized_series() -> None:
+    with TestClient(app) as client:
+        app.state.ha_reader = FakeHaReader()
+        response = client.get(
+            "/v1/history",
+            params=[
+                ("entity_id", "sensor.temperature"),
+                ("start_time", "2026-06-01T00:00:00Z"),
+                ("end_time", "2026-06-02T00:00:00Z"),
+            ],
+        )
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json() == [
+        {
+            "entity_id": "sensor.temperature",
+            "points": [{"timestamp": "2026-06-01T00:00:00Z", "value": 21.5}],
+        }
+    ]

tests/api/test_ml_routes.py

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from app.main import app
+
+
+def test_ml_routes_are_exposed_by_production_app() -> None:
+    with TestClient(app) as client:
+        health = client.get("/ml/health")
+        models = client.get("/ml/models")
+
+    assert health.status_code == 200
+    assert models.status_code == 200
+    assert isinstance(models.json()["models"], list)
+
+
+def test_unknown_model_returns_404() -> None:
+    with TestClient(app) as client:
+        response = client.post(
+            "/ml/predict",
+            json={
+                "modelId": "missing",
+                "sensor_id": "sensor.kitchen",
+                "values": {"temperature": 21.0},
+            },
+        )
+
+    assert response.status_code == 404
+
+
+def test_unsupported_sensor_returns_422(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    from app.ml.registry.model_registry import ModelRegistry
+    from app.ml.training import TrainedArtifact
+
+    registry = ModelRegistry(tmp_path)
+    registry.register(TrainedArtifact("default", ("sensor.kitchen",)))
+
+    with TestClient(app) as client:
+        app.state.registry = registry
+        response = client.post(
+            "/ml/predict",
+            json={
+                "modelId": "default",
+                "sensor_id": "sensor.unknown",
+                "values": {"temperature": 21.0},
+            },
+        )
+
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+
+
+def test_retrain_creates_and_replaces_persisted_model(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    from app.ml.registry.model_registry import ModelRegistry
+
+    registry = ModelRegistry(tmp_path)
+    with TestClient(app) as client:
+        app.state.registry = registry
+        created = client.post(
+            "/ml/retrain",
+            json={
+                "modelId": "home-model",
+                "samples": [
+                    {
+                        "sensor_id": "sensor.kitchen",
+                        "values": {"temperature": 21.0},
+                    }
+                ],
+            },
+        )
+        replaced = client.post(
+            "/ml/retrain",
+            json={
+                "modelId": "home-model",
+                "samples": [
+                    {
+                        "sensor_id": "sensor.bedroom",
+                        "values": {"temperature": 18.0},
+                    }
+                ],
+            },
+        )
+
+    assert created.status_code == 200
+    assert created.json() == {
+        "model_id": "home-model",
+        "supported_sensors": ["sensor.kitchen"],
+        "trained_features": 1,
+        "model_type": "statistical_baseline",
+        "replaced": False,
+    }
+    assert replaced.status_code == 200
+    assert replaced.json() == {
+        "model_id": "home-model",
+        "supported_sensors": ["sensor.bedroom"],
+        "trained_features": 1,
+        "model_type": "statistical_baseline",
+        "replaced": True,
+    }
+    restarted = ModelRegistry(tmp_path)
+    assert restarted.load_artifact("home-model").supported_sensors == ("sensor.bedroom",)
+
+
+def test_retrain_rejects_empty_samples() -> None:
+    with TestClient(app) as client:
+        response = client.post(
+            "/ml/retrain",
+            json={"modelId": "home-model", "samples": []},
+        )
+
+    assert response.status_code == 422
+
+
+def test_predict_returns_numeric_forecast_and_confidence(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    from app.ml.feature_store import FeatureStore, FeatureVector
+    from app.ml.registry.model_registry import ModelRegistry
+    from app.ml.training import TrainingPipeline
+
+    store = FeatureStore()
+    store.add_batch(
+        [
+            FeatureVector("sensor.kitchen", {"temperature": 19.0}),
+            FeatureVector("sensor.kitchen", {"temperature": 20.0}),
+        ]
+    )
+    registry = ModelRegistry(tmp_path)
+    registry.register(TrainingPipeline(store).run("home-model"))
+
+    with TestClient(app) as client:
+        app.state.registry = registry
+        response = client.post(
+            "/ml/predict",
+            json={
+                "modelId": "home-model",
+                "sensor_id": "sensor.kitchen",
+                "values": {"temperature": 21.0},
+            },
+        )
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert response.json()["predictions"] == {"temperature": 22.0}
+    assert 0.0 < response.json()["confidence"] <= 1.0
+    assert response.json()["model_type"] == "statistical_baseline"
+    explanation = response.json()["explanations"]["temperature"]
+    assert explanation["direction"] == "steigend"
+    assert explanation["change"] == 1.0
+    assert explanation["sample_count"] == 2
+
+
+def test_evaluate_returns_real_error_metrics(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    from app.ml.feature_store import FeatureStore, FeatureVector
+    from app.ml.registry.model_registry import ModelRegistry
+    from app.ml.training import TrainingPipeline
+
+    store = FeatureStore()
+    store.add_batch(
+        [
+            FeatureVector("sensor.kitchen", {"temperature": 19.0}),
+            FeatureVector("sensor.kitchen", {"temperature": 20.0}),
+        ]
+    )
+    registry = ModelRegistry(tmp_path)
+    registry.register(TrainingPipeline(store).run("home-model"))
+
+    with TestClient(app) as client:
+        app.state.registry = registry
+        response = client.post(
+            "/ml/evaluate",
+            json={
+                "modelId": "home-model",
+                "samples": [
+                    {
+                        "sensor_id": "sensor.kitchen",
+                        "values": {"temperature": 21.0},
+                    }
+                ],
+            },
+        )
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    metrics = {metric["name"]: metric["value"] for metric in response.json()["metrics"]}
+    assert metrics == {"mae": 1.0, "rmse": 1.0, "coverage": 1.0}

tests/automations/test_store.py

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from app.automations.models import (
+    AutomationProposal,
+    NumericStateTrigger,
+    ProposalStatus,
+    ServiceAction,
+)
+from app.automations.store import AutomationStore
+
+
+def proposal() -> AutomationProposal:
+    return AutomationProposal(
+        alias="Wohnzimmer bei Kälte heizen",
+        description="Aktiviert den Heizmodus unter 18 Grad.",
+        trigger=NumericStateTrigger(entity_id="sensor.living_room_temperature", below=18.0),
+        action=ServiceAction(
+            service="climate.set_temperature",
+            entity_id="climate.living_room",
+            data={"temperature": 21.0},
+        ),
+    )
+
+
+def test_store_persists_approval_and_exports_yaml(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    store = AutomationStore(tmp_path)
+    created = store.create(proposal())
+    approved = store.decide(created.proposal_id, ProposalStatus.APPROVED, 1)
+    yaml = AutomationStore(tmp_path).export_yaml(created.proposal_id)
+    assert approved.status is ProposalStatus.APPROVED
+    assert approved.revision == 2
+    assert "platform: numeric_state" in yaml
+    assert "service: climate.set_temperature" in yaml
+    assert "temperature: 21.0" in yaml
+
+
+def test_store_requires_approval_and_current_revision(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    store = AutomationStore(tmp_path)
+    created = store.create(proposal())
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="freigegebene"):
+        store.export_yaml(created.proposal_id)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="Revision"):
+        store.decide(created.proposal_id, ProposalStatus.APPROVED, 2)
+
+
+def test_store_allows_only_one_decision(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    store = AutomationStore(tmp_path)
+    created = store.create(proposal())
+    store.decide(created.proposal_id, ProposalStatus.REJECTED, 1)
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="bereits entschieden"):
+        store.decide(created.proposal_id, ProposalStatus.APPROVED, 2)

tests/ha/test_discovery.py

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+from app.ha.discovery import EntityRole, classify_entity, discover_entities
+from app.ha.models import HaEntitySummary
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("entity", "role", "learnable"),
+    [
+        (
+            HaEntitySummary(
+                entity_id="sensor.temperature",
+                domain="sensor",
+                device_class="temperature",
+                state_class="measurement",
+                unit_of_measurement="°C",
+            ),
+            EntityRole.MEASUREMENT,
+            True,
+        ),
+        (
+            HaEntitySummary(
+                entity_id="binary_sensor.motion",
+                domain="binary_sensor",
+                device_class="motion",
+            ),
+            EntityRole.BINARY_CONTEXT,
+            True,
+        ),
+        (
+            HaEntitySummary(entity_id="person.simon", domain="person"),
+            EntityRole.CONTEXT,
+            True,
+        ),
+        (
+            HaEntitySummary(entity_id="light.living_room", domain="light"),
+            EntityRole.ACTUATOR,
+            False,
+        ),
+        (
+            HaEntitySummary(entity_id="camera.driveway", domain="camera"),
+            EntityRole.UNSUPPORTED,
+            False,
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_classify_entity(
+    entity: HaEntitySummary,
+    role: EntityRole,
+    learnable: bool,
+) -> None:
+    result = classify_entity(entity)
+    assert result.role is role
+    assert result.learnable is learnable
+
+
+def test_discovery_filters_domain_and_learnable() -> None:
+    entities = [
+        HaEntitySummary(
+            entity_id="sensor.temperature",
+            domain="sensor",
+            device_class="temperature",
+        ),
+        HaEntitySummary(entity_id="sensor.status", domain="sensor"),
+        HaEntitySummary(
+            entity_id="binary_sensor.motion",
+            domain="binary_sensor",
+            device_class="motion",
+        ),
+    ]
+
+    result = discover_entities(entities, domains={" SENSOR "}, learnable=True)
+
+    assert [item.entity_id for item in result] == ["sensor.temperature"]

tests/ha/test_ha_client.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
 from unittest.mock import Mock
 
 import pytest
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ from app.ha.exceptions import (
 
 
 def _client_with_response(response: Mock) -> HaClient:
-    client = HaClient(HaClientSettings(url="http://ha.local", token="secret-token"))
+    client = HaClient(HaClientSettings(url="http://ha.local", token="test-token"))
     client._session.get = Mock(return_value=response)  # type: ignore[method-assign]
     return client
 
@@ -32,14 +33,12 @@ def _response(status_code: int = 200, payload: object | None = None) -> Mock:
 def test_list_entities_returns_home_assistant_payload() -> None:
     payload = [{"entity_id": "sensor.temperature", "state": "21"}]
     client = _client_with_response(_response(payload=payload))
-
     assert client.list_entities() == payload
 
 
 def test_list_entities_maps_timeout() -> None:
-    client = HaClient(HaClientSettings(url="http://ha.local", token="secret-token"))
+    client = HaClient(HaClientSettings(url="http://ha.local", token="test-token"))
-    client._session.get = Mock(side_effect=requests.Timeout("secret-token"))  # type: ignore[method-assign]
+    client._session.get = Mock(side_effect=requests.Timeout("timed out"))  # type: ignore[method-assign]
-
     with pytest.raises(HaTimeoutError):
         client.list_entities()
 
@@ -47,19 +46,15 @@ def test_list_entities_maps_timeout() -> None:
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("status_code", [401, 403])
 def test_list_entities_maps_auth_errors(status_code: int) -> None:
     client = _client_with_response(_response(status_code=status_code))
-
     with pytest.raises(HaAuthError) as exc_info:
         client.list_entities()
-
     assert exc_info.value.status_code == status_code
 
 
 def test_list_entities_maps_http_errors() -> None:
     client = _client_with_response(_response(status_code=500))
-
     with pytest.raises(HaHttpError) as exc_info:
         client.list_entities()
-
     assert exc_info.value.status_code == 500
 
 
@@ -67,13 +62,67 @@ def test_list_entities_rejects_invalid_json() -> None:
     response = _response()
     response.json.side_effect = ValueError("not json")
     client = _client_with_response(response)
-
     with pytest.raises(HaUnexpectedPayloadError):
         client.list_entities()
 
 
 def test_list_entities_rejects_non_list_payload() -> None:
     client = _client_with_response(_response(payload={"entity_id": "sensor.temperature"}))
-
     with pytest.raises(HaUnexpectedPayloadError):
         client.list_entities()
+
+
+def test_get_history_calls_home_assistant_history_api() -> None:
+    response = _response(payload=[[{"entity_id": "sensor.temperature", "state": "21.0"}]])
+    client = _client_with_response(response)
+    start = datetime(2026, 6, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+    end = datetime(2026, 6, 2, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+
+    payload = client.get_history(["sensor.temperature"], start, end)
+
+    assert payload == [[{"entity_id": "sensor.temperature", "state": "21.0"}]]
+    client._session.get.assert_called_once()  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    call = client._session.get.call_args  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
+    assert "/api/history/period/2026-06-01T00:00:00+00:00" in call.args[0]
+    assert call.kwargs["params"]["filter_entity_id"] == "sensor.temperature"
+    assert call.kwargs["params"]["end_time"] == "2026-06-02T00:00:00+00:00"
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    ("entity_ids", "start", "end"),
+    [
+        (
+            [],
+            datetime(2026, 6, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc),
+            datetime(2026, 6, 2, tzinfo=timezone.utc),
+        ),
+        (
+            ["sensor.temperature"],
+            datetime(2026, 6, 1),
+            datetime(2026, 6, 2, tzinfo=timezone.utc),
+        ),
+        (
+            ["sensor.temperature"],
+            datetime(2026, 6, 2, tzinfo=timezone.utc),
+            datetime(2026, 6, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc),
+        ),
+        (
+            ["invalid entity"],
+            datetime(2026, 6, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc),
+            datetime(2026, 6, 2, tzinfo=timezone.utc),
+        ),
+        (
+            ["sensor.temperature"],
+            datetime(2026, 5, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc),
+            datetime(2026, 6, 2, tzinfo=timezone.utc),
+        ),
+    ],
+)
+def test_get_history_validates_request(
+    entity_ids: list[str],
+    start: datetime,
+    end: datetime,
+) -> None:
+    client = HaClient(HaClientSettings(url="http://ha.local", token="test-token"))
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        client.get_history(entity_ids, start, end)

tests/ha/test_ha_reader.py

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+
 from app.ha.client import HaClient, HaClientSettings
 from app.ha.reader import HaReader
 
@@ -26,6 +28,22 @@ class FakeHaClient(HaClient):
             },
         ]
 
+    def get_history(
+        self,
+        entity_ids: list[str],
+        start_time: datetime,
+        end_time: datetime,
+    ) -> list[object]:
+        return [
+            [
+                {
+                    "entity_id": entity_ids[0],
+                    "state": "21.5",
+                    "last_changed": start_time.isoformat(),
+                }
+            ]
+        ]
+
 
 def test_ha_reader_returns_summaries() -> None:
     reader = HaReader(FakeHaClient())
@@ -35,3 +53,25 @@ def test_ha_reader_returns_summaries() -> None:
     assert domains == {"sensor", "light"}
     sensor = next(item for item in summaries if item.entity_id == "sensor.temperature")
     assert sensor.unit_of_measurement == "°C"
+
+
+def test_ha_reader_discovers_learnable_sensors() -> None:
+    reader = HaReader(FakeHaClient())
+
+    discovered = reader.discover(learnable=True)
+
+    assert [entity.entity_id for entity in discovered] == ["sensor.temperature"]
+
+
+def test_ha_reader_normalizes_history() -> None:
+    reader = HaReader(FakeHaClient())
+    start = datetime(2026, 6, 1, tzinfo=timezone.utc)
+
+    history = reader.read_history(
+        ["sensor.temperature"],
+        start,
+        datetime(2026, 6, 2, tzinfo=timezone.utc),
+    )
+
+    assert history[0].entity_id == "sensor.temperature"
+    assert history[0].points[0].value == 21.5

tests/ha/test_history.py

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
+
+import pytest
+
+from app.ha.exceptions import HaUnexpectedPayloadError
+from app.ha.history import normalize_history_payload
+
+
+def test_normalize_history_payload_groups_and_sorts_numeric_states() -> None:
+    payload = [
+        [
+            {
+                "entity_id": "sensor.temperature",
+                "state": "22.5",
+                "last_changed": "2026-06-01T12:15:00+00:00",
+            },
+            {
+                "state": "21.0",
+                "last_changed": "2026-06-01T12:00:00Z",
+            },
+        ],
+        [
+            {
+                "entity_id": "sensor.humidity",
+                "state": 45,
+                "last_updated": "2026-06-01T12:00:00+00:00",
+            }
+        ],
+    ]
+
+    result = normalize_history_payload(payload)
+
+    assert [series.entity_id for series in result] == [
+        "sensor.humidity",
+        "sensor.temperature",
+    ]
+    temperature = result[1]
+    assert [point.value for point in temperature.points] == [21.0, 22.5]
+    assert temperature.points[0].timestamp == datetime(
+        2026, 6, 1, 12, 0, tzinfo=timezone.utc
+    )
+
+
+def test_normalize_history_payload_skips_non_numeric_and_non_finite_states() -> None:
+    payload = [
+        [
+            {
+                "entity_id": "sensor.temperature",
+                "state": state,
+                "last_changed": "2026-06-01T12:00:00+00:00",
+            }
+            for state in ("unknown", "unavailable", "nan", "inf", "-inf", True, None)
+        ]
+    ]
+
+    assert normalize_history_payload(payload) == []
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "payload",
+    [
+        {},
+        [{}],
+        [["invalid"]],
+        [[{"entity_id": "invalid", "state": "21", "last_changed": "2026-06-01"}]],
+        [[{"entity_id": "sensor.a", "state": "21", "last_changed": "invalid"}]],
+        [[{"state": "21", "last_changed": "2026-06-01T12:00:00+00:00"}]],
+        [
+            [
+                {
+                    "entity_id": "sensor.a",
+                    "state": "21",
+                    "last_changed": "2026-06-01T12:00:00+00:00",
+                },
+                {
+                    "entity_id": "sensor.b",
+                    "state": "22",
+                    "last_changed": "2026-06-01T12:01:00+00:00",
+                },
+            ]
+        ],
+    ],
+)
+def test_normalize_history_payload_rejects_malformed_structure(payload: object) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(HaUnexpectedPayloadError):
+        normalize_history_payload(payload)
+
+
+def test_normalize_history_payload_accepts_empty_series() -> None:
+    assert normalize_history_payload([[]]) == []

tests/ml/test_evaluation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+from app.ml.evaluation import Evaluator
+from app.ml.feature_store import FeatureStore, FeatureVector
+from app.ml.training import TrainingPipeline
+
+
+def _vector(sensor_id: str, temperature: float, label: str | None = None) -> FeatureVector:
+    return FeatureVector(sensor_id=sensor_id, values={"temperature": temperature}, label=label)
+
+
+def evaluator_factory() -> Evaluator:
+    store = FeatureStore()
+    store.add_batch([_vector("sensor.kitchen", 19.0), _vector("sensor.bedroom", 18.5)])
+    pipeline = TrainingPipeline(store)
+    pipeline.run("artifact_v1")
+    return Evaluator(pipeline)
+
+
+def test_evaluate_returns_report_with_metrics() -> None:
+    evaluator = evaluator_factory()
+    report = evaluator.evaluate(
+        "artifact_v1",
+        [
+            _vector("sensor.kitchen", 21.0),
+            _vector("sensor.bedroom", 18.5),
+        ],
+    )
+    assert report.artifact_id == "artifact_v1"
+    assert report.sample_size == 2
+    assert {metric.name for metric in report.metrics} == {"mae", "rmse", "coverage"}
+    assert next(metric.value for metric in report.metrics if metric.name == "coverage") == 1.0
+    assert next(metric.value for metric in report.metrics if metric.name == "mae") == 0.0
+
+
+def test_evaluate_without_training_raises_value_error() -> None:
+    evaluator = Evaluator(TrainingPipeline(FeatureStore()))
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        evaluator.evaluate("artifact_v1", [])
+
+
+def test_coverage_counts_only_supported_sensor_features() -> None:
+    evaluator = evaluator_factory()
+    report = evaluator.evaluate(
+        "artifact_v1",
+        [
+            _vector("sensor.kitchen", 21.0),
+            FeatureVector(sensor_id="sensor.kitchen", values={"humidity": 50.0}),
+            _vector("sensor.kitchen_extra", 20.0),
+        ],
+    )
+
+    metrics = {metric.name: metric.value for metric in report.metrics}
+    assert metrics["coverage"] == pytest.approx(1 / 3)

tests/ml/test_explanation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from app.ml.explanation import explain_feature
+from app.ml.training import FeatureModel
+
+
+def _model(slope: float) -> FeatureModel:
+    return FeatureModel(
+        sample_count=4,
+        mean=20.0,
+        standard_deviation=1.0,
+        minimum=18.0,
+        maximum=22.0,
+        slope=slope,
+        intercept=18.5,
+    )
+
+
+def test_explain_feature_describes_rising_forecast() -> None:
+    explanation = explain_feature("temperature", 21.0, 21.5, _model(0.5))
+
+    assert explanation.direction == "steigend"
+    assert explanation.change == 0.5
+    assert explanation.historical_range == (18.0, 22.0)
+    assert "4 Messwerte" in explanation.summary
+    assert "Trend +0.500" in explanation.summary
+
+
+def test_explain_feature_describes_stable_and_falling_forecasts() -> None:
+    stable = explain_feature("humidity", 50.0, 50.0, _model(0.0))
+    falling = explain_feature("temperature", 21.0, 20.5, _model(-0.5))
+
+    assert stable.direction == "stabil"
+    assert falling.direction == "fallend"

tests/ml/test_feature_store.py

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from app.ml.feature_store import FeatureStore, FeatureVector
+
+
+def _vector(sensor_id: str, temperature: float, label: str | None = None) -> FeatureVector:
+    return FeatureVector(sensor_id=sensor_id, values={"temperature": temperature}, label=label)
+
+
+def test_append_and_latest_returns_last_vector() -> None:
+    store = FeatureStore()
+    vectors = [_vector("sensor.living_room", 20.0), _vector("sensor.living_room", 21.5)]
+    for item in vectors:
+        store.add(item)
+    assert store.latest("sensor.living_room") == vectors[-1]
+
+
+def test_latest_returns_none_when_empty() -> None:
+    store = FeatureStore()
+    assert store.latest("sensor.living_room") is None
+
+
+def test_add_batch_appends_all_vectors() -> None:
+    store = FeatureStore()
+    vectors = [
+        _vector("sensor.kitchen", 19.0),
+        _vector("sensor.kitchen", 20.0),
+        _vector("sensor.bathroom", 23.5),
+    ]
+    store.add_batch(vectors)
+    assert len(store.all()) == 3
+    latest = store.latest("sensor.kitchen")
+    assert latest is not None
+    assert latest.values["temperature"] == 20.0
+
+
+def test_different_sensors_are_stored_independently() -> None:
+    store = FeatureStore()
+    store.add(_vector("sensor.living_room", 21.0))
+    store.add(_vector("sensor.bedroom", 18.5))
+    living_room = store.latest("sensor.living_room")
+    bedroom = store.latest("sensor.bedroom")
+    assert living_room is not None
+    assert bedroom is not None
+    assert living_room.values["temperature"] == 21.0
+    assert bedroom.values["temperature"] == 18.5

tests/ml/test_model_registry.py

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from app.ml.registry.model_registry import ModelRegistry
+from app.ml.training import TrainedArtifact
+
+
+def test_registry_loads_persisted_artifacts_after_restart(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    registry = ModelRegistry(tmp_path)
+    artifact = TrainedArtifact("model-v1", ("sensor.kitchen", "sensor.bedroom"))
+    registry.register(artifact)
+
+    restarted = ModelRegistry(tmp_path)
+
+    assert restarted.load_artifact("model-v1") == artifact
+
+
+def test_registry_persists_statistical_parameters(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    from app.ml.feature_store import FeatureStore, FeatureVector
+    from app.ml.training import TrainingPipeline
+
+    store = FeatureStore()
+    store.add_batch(
+        [
+            FeatureVector("sensor.kitchen", {"temperature": 19.0}),
+            FeatureVector("sensor.kitchen", {"temperature": 20.0}),
+        ]
+    )
+    artifact = TrainingPipeline(store).run("model-v1")
+
+    ModelRegistry(tmp_path).register(artifact)
+
+    assert ModelRegistry(tmp_path).load_artifact("model-v1") == artifact
+
+
+def test_registry_replaces_persisted_artifact_after_restart(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    registry = ModelRegistry(tmp_path)
+    registry.register(TrainedArtifact("model-v1", ("sensor.kitchen",)))
+    replacement = TrainedArtifact("model-v1", ("sensor.bedroom",))
+
+    registry.register(replacement)
+
+    assert registry.load_artifact("model-v1") == replacement
+    assert ModelRegistry(tmp_path).load_artifact("model-v1") == replacement
+
+
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("artifact_id", ["../escape", "nested/model", "..", ""])
+def test_registry_rejects_unsafe_artifact_ids(tmp_path: Path, artifact_id: str) -> None:
+    registry = ModelRegistry(tmp_path)
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        registry.register(TrainedArtifact(artifact_id, ("sensor.kitchen",)))
+
+    assert list(tmp_path.parent.glob("escape.json")) == []
+
+
+def test_registry_rejects_corrupt_persisted_artifact(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    (tmp_path / "broken.json").write_text(
+        json.dumps({"artifact_id": "../broken", "supported_sensors": []}),
+        encoding="utf-8",
+    )
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="broken.json"):
+        ModelRegistry(tmp_path)

tests/ml/test_predictor.py

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+from app.ml.feature_store import FeatureStore, FeatureVector
+from app.ml.predictor import Predictor
+from app.ml.training import TrainingPipeline
+
+
+def _vector(sensor_id: str, temperature: float, label: str | None = None) -> FeatureVector:
+    return FeatureVector(sensor_id=sensor_id, values={"temperature": temperature}, label=label)
+
+
+def predictor() -> Predictor:
+    store = FeatureStore()
+    store.add_batch(
+        [
+            _vector("sensor.kitchen", 19.0),
+            _vector("sensor.kitchen", 20.0),
+            _vector("sensor.bedroom", 18.5),
+        ]
+    )
+    pipeline = TrainingPipeline(store)
+    pipeline.run("artifact_v1")
+    return Predictor(pipeline)
+
+
+def test_predict_returns_statistical_forecast() -> None:
+    p = predictor()
+    result = p.predict("artifact_v1", _vector("sensor.kitchen", 21.0))
+    assert result.artifact_id == "artifact_v1"
+    assert result.sensor_id == "sensor.kitchen"
+    assert result.predictions == {"temperature": 22.0}
+    assert 0.0 < result.confidence <= 1.0
+    assert result.model_type == "statistical_baseline"
+    explanation = result.explanations["temperature"]
+    assert explanation.direction == "steigend"
+    assert explanation.current_value == 21.0
+    assert explanation.predicted_value == 22.0
+    assert explanation.sample_count == 2
+
+
+def test_predict_rejects_unknown_sensor() -> None:
+    p = predictor()
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        p.predict("artifact_v1", _vector("sensor.unknown", 10.0))
+
+
+def test_predict_batch_matches_single_calls() -> None:
+    p = predictor()
+    entities = [_vector("sensor.kitchen", 21.0), _vector("sensor.bedroom", 19.0)]
+    assert p.predict_batch("artifact_v1", entities) == [
+        p.predict("artifact_v1", item) for item in entities
+    ]
+
+
+def test_default_artifact_returns_last_registered() -> None:
+    store = FeatureStore()
+    store.add_batch([_vector("sensor.kitchen", 19.0), _vector("sensor.bedroom", 18.5)])
+    pipeline = TrainingPipeline(store)
+    pipeline.run("first")
+    pipeline.run("second")
+    assert Predictor.default_artifact(pipeline).artifact_id == "second"

tests/ml/test_retraining.py

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import pytest
+
+from app.ml.feature_store import FeatureVector
+from app.ml.registry.model_registry import ModelRegistry
+from app.ml.retraining import RetrainingService, retrain_model
+
+
+def _vector(sensor_id: str) -> FeatureVector:
+    return FeatureVector(sensor_id=sensor_id, values={"temperature": 21.0})
+
+
+def test_retraining_registers_new_artifact(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    registry = ModelRegistry(tmp_path)
+
+    result = retrain_model(registry, "home-model", [_vector("sensor.kitchen")])
+
+    assert result.replaced is False
+    assert registry.load_artifact("home-model") == result.artifact
+
+
+def test_retraining_replaces_existing_artifact(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    registry = ModelRegistry(tmp_path)
+    service = RetrainingService(registry)
+    service.retrain("home-model", [_vector("sensor.kitchen")])
+
+    result = service.retrain("home-model", [_vector("sensor.bedroom")])
+
+    assert result.replaced is True
+    assert result.artifact.supported_sensors == ("sensor.bedroom",)
+    assert ModelRegistry(tmp_path).load_artifact("home-model") == result.artifact
+
+
+def test_retraining_rejects_empty_training_data(tmp_path: Path) -> None:
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="keine Trainingsdaten"):
+        retrain_model(ModelRegistry(tmp_path), "home-model", [])

tests/ml/test_training.py

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import pytest
+
+from app.ml.feature_store import FeatureStore, FeatureVector
+from app.ml.training import TrainingPipeline
+
+
+def _vector(sensor_id: str, temperature: float, label: str | None = None) -> FeatureVector:
+    return FeatureVector(sensor_id=sensor_id, values={"temperature": temperature}, label=label)
+
+
+def store_with_data() -> TrainingPipeline:
+    store = FeatureStore()
+    store.add_batch(
+        [
+            _vector("sensor.kitchen", 19.0),
+            _vector("sensor.kitchen", 20.0),
+            _vector("sensor.bedroom", 18.5),
+        ]
+    )
+    return TrainingPipeline(store)
+
+
+def test_run_returns_trained_artifact() -> None:
+    pipeline = store_with_data()
+    artifact = pipeline.run("artifact_v1")
+    assert artifact.artifact_id == "artifact_v1"
+    assert artifact.supported_sensors == ("sensor.bedroom", "sensor.kitchen")
+    kitchen = artifact.feature_models["sensor.kitchen"]["temperature"]
+    assert kitchen.sample_count == 2
+    assert kitchen.mean == 19.5
+    assert kitchen.slope == 1.0
+    assert kitchen.forecast() == 21.0
+
+
+def test_run_without_data_raises_value_error() -> None:
+    pipeline = TrainingPipeline(FeatureStore())
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        pipeline.run("artifact_v1")
+
+
+def test_export_returns_registered_artifact() -> None:
+    pipeline = store_with_data()
+    pipeline.run("artifact_v1")
+    exported = pipeline.export("artifact_v1")
+    assert exported == pipeline.export("artifact_v1")
+
+
+def test_export_missing_artifact_raises_key_error() -> None:
+    pipeline = store_with_data()
+    with pytest.raises(KeyError):
+        pipeline.export("artifact_v1")

tests/ml/test_training_evaluation.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from app.ml.evaluation import Evaluator, EvalReport, Metric
+from app.ml.feature_store import FeatureStore, FeatureVector
+from app.ml.training import TrainingPipeline
+
+
+def _vector(sensor_id: str, temperature: float, label: str | None = None) -> FeatureVector:
+    return FeatureVector(sensor_id=sensor_id, values={"temperature": temperature}, label=label)
+
+
+def test_end_to_end_training_then_evaluation() -> None:
+    store = FeatureStore()
+    store.add_batch([_vector("sensor.kitchen", 19.0), _vector("sensor.bedroom", 18.5)])
+    pipeline = TrainingPipeline(store)
+    artifact = pipeline.run("artifact_v1")
+
+    evaluator = Evaluator(pipeline)
+    samples = [
+        _vector("sensor.kitchen", 21.0),
+        _vector("sensor.bedroom", 18.5),
+    ]
+    report = evaluator.evaluate(artifact.artifact_id, samples)
+    assert isinstance(report, EvalReport)
+    assert report.sample_size == len(samples)
+    assert any(metric.name == "coverage" for metric in report.metrics)
+
+
+def test_metric_helpers_are_serializable() -> None:
+    metric = Metric(name="mae", value=0.85, threshold=1.0)
+    assert metric.name == "mae"
+    assert metric.value == 0.85
+    assert metric.threshold == 1.0

tests/rules/test_heating.py

@@ -1,48 +1,64 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import pytest
+
 from app.ha.models import HaEntitySummary
 from app.rules.heating import HeatingRule
-from app.rules.recommender import Recommender
 
 
-def _sensor(entity_id: str, device_class: str | None = None) -> HaEntitySummary:
+def _entity(entity_id: str, domain: str, device_class: str | None = None) -> HaEntitySummary:
-    return HaEntitySummary(entity_id=entity_id, domain="sensor", device_class=device_class)
+    return HaEntitySummary(entity_id=entity_id, domain=domain, device_class=device_class)
 
 
-def _binary_sensor(entity_id: str, device_class: str | None = None) -> HaEntitySummary:
+# --- positive cases --------------------------------------------------------
-    return HaEntitySummary(
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
-        entity_id=entity_id,
+    "entity",
-        domain="binary_sensor",
+    [
-        device_class=device_class,
+        _entity("climate.living_room", "climate"),
-    )
+        _entity("sensor.temperature_living", "sensor", "temperature"),
-
+        _entity("sensor.humidity_bathroom", "sensor", "humidity"),
-
+        _entity("binary_sensor.living_room_occupancy", "binary_sensor", "occupancy"),
-def _climate(entity_id: str) -> HaEntitySummary:
+        _entity("binary_sensor.entrance_presence", "binary_sensor", "presence"),
-    return HaEntitySummary(entity_id=entity_id, domain="climate")
+    ],
-
+    ids=lambda e: e.entity_id,
-
+)
-def test_heating_rule_triggers() -> None:
+def test_heating_rule_triggers_for_relevant_entities(entity: HaEntitySummary) -> None:
     rule = HeatingRule()
-    assert rule.matches([_climate("climate.living_room")])
+    assert rule.matches([entity]) is True
-    assert rule.matches([_sensor("sensor.temperature_living", device_class="temperature")])
-    assert rule.matches([_sensor("sensor.humidity_bath", device_class="humidity")])
-    assert rule.matches([_binary_sensor("binary_sensor.occupancy_living", "occupancy")])
-    assert rule.matches([_binary_sensor("binary_sensor.presence_entry", "presence")])
 
 
-def test_heating_rule_ignores_non_relevant_sensors() -> None:
+# --- negative cases -------------------------------------------------------
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    "entity",
+    [
+        _entity("sensor.power_consumption", "sensor", "power"),
+        _entity("sensor.door", "sensor", "door"),
+        _entity("sensor.energy", "sensor", "energy"),
+        _entity("binary_sensor.door_window", "binary_sensor", "door"),
+        _entity("binary_sensor.motion", "binary_sensor", "motion"),
+        _entity("light.living_room", "light"),
+        _entity("switch.plug", "switch"),
+        _entity("sensor.some_random", "sensor"),
+        _entity("binary_sensor.some_binary", "binary_sensor"),
+    ],
+    ids=lambda e: e.entity_id,
+)
+def test_heating_rule_ignores_non_heating_entities(entity: HaEntitySummary) -> None:
     rule = HeatingRule()
-    assert not rule.matches([_sensor("sensor.temperature_living")])
+    assert rule.matches([entity]) is False
-    assert not rule.matches([_sensor("sensor.power", device_class="power")])
-    assert not rule.matches([_sensor("sensor.voltage", device_class="voltage")])
-    assert not rule.matches([_sensor("sensor.door", device_class="door")])
-    assert not rule.matches([_sensor("sensor.window", device_class="window")])
-    assert not rule.matches([_sensor("sensor.light", device_class="illuminance")])
-    assert not rule.matches([_binary_sensor("binary_sensor.window", device_class="window")])
 
 
-def test_recommender_uses_rule() -> None:
+def test_heating_rule_mixed_list_returns_true() -> None:
-    recommender = Recommender(rules=[HeatingRule()])
+    rule = HeatingRule()
-    assert recommender.run([_climate("climate.living_room")]) == [
+    entities = [
-        "Prüfe Heizungsregelung: Aktiviere energiesparenden Modus bei Abwesenheit."
+        _entity("sensor.power", "sensor", "power"),
+        _entity("climate.living_room", "climate"),
+        _entity("light.ceiling", "light"),
     ]
+    assert rule.matches(entities) is True
+
+
+def test_heating_rule_recommendation_is_stable() -> None:
+    rule = HeatingRule()
+    expected = "Prüfe Heizungsregelung: Aktiviere energiesparenden Modus bei Abwesenheit."
+    assert rule.recommendation([_entity("climate.living_room", "climate")]) == expected

tests/test_config.py

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pytest import MonkeyPatch
+
+from app.config import load_settings
+
+
+def test_load_settings_reads_documented_environment(monkeypatch: MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    monkeypatch.setenv("SILLYHOME_HA_URL", "http://ha.local:8123")
+    monkeypatch.setenv("SILLYHOME_HA_TOKEN", "secret")
+    monkeypatch.setenv("SILLYHOME_MODEL_STORE", "/tmp/models")
+    monkeypatch.setenv("SILLYHOME_AUTOMATION_STORE", "/tmp/automations")
+
+    settings = load_settings()
+
+    assert settings.ha_url == "http://ha.local:8123"
+    assert settings.ha_token == "secret"
+    assert settings.model_store == "/tmp/models"
+    assert settings.automation_store == "/tmp/automations"
+    assert settings.ha_configured

tests/test_dashboard.py

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+from app.main import app
+
+
+def test_dashboard_is_served_at_root() -> None:
+    with TestClient(app) as client:
+        response = client.get("/")
+
+    assert response.status_code == 200
+    assert "SillyHome Next" in response.text
+    assert "Automation-Entwurf" in response.text